Editing Catch and release (section)

==Debate over pain in released fish==
{{See also|Pain in fish}}
[[File:Pesca no kill stura di lanzo.jpg|thumb|Catch and release angling area on the [[Stura di Lanzo]] in Italy]]
Opponents of catch and release argue that fish are highly evolved [[vertebrates]] that share many of the same neurological structures that in humans are associated with [[Nociceptor|pain perception]]. They cite studies showing that, neurologically, fish are quite similar to [[higher vertebrates]] and that blood chemistry reveals that hormones and blood metabolites associated with stress are quite high in fish struggling against hook and line. The idea that fish do not feel pain in their mouths has been studied at the [[University of Edinburgh]] and the [[Roslin Institute]] by injecting bee venom and acetic acid into the lips of rainbow trout; the fish responded by rubbing their lips along the sides and floors of their tanks in an effort to relieve themselves of the sensation.<ref>[http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/4-30-2003-39769.asp Vantressa Brown, "Fish Feel Pain, British Researchers Say," Agence France-Presse, 1 May 2003] {{webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091014095008/http%3A//www.buzzle.com/editorials/4%2D30%2D2003%2D39769.asp |date=14 October 2009 }}</ref>

Lead researcher Lynne Sneddon wrote, "Our research demonstrates nociception and suggests that noxious stimulation in the rainbow trout has adverse behavioral and physiological effects. This fulfills the criteria for animal pain." A 2014 paper provides a critique of existing studies that purport to demonstrate that fish feel pain.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1111/faf.12010|title = Can fish really feel pain?| journal=Fish and Fisheries| volume=15| pages=97–133|year = 2014|last1 = Rose|first1 = J. D.| last2=Arlinghaus| first2=R.| last3=Cooke| first3=S. J.| last4=Diggles| first4=B. K.| last5=Sawynok| first5=W.| last6=Stevens| first6=E. D.|author-link7=Clive Wynne| last7=Wynne| first7=C D L.| issue=1 | bibcode=2014AqFF...15...97R }}</ref> James D. Rose of the [[University of Wyoming]] argues this may demonstrate a chemical sensitivity rather than pain and that the evidence for pain sensation in fish is ambiguous.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/04/30/fish.fear/index.html "Anglers carp at 'fish pain' theory,", CNN, April 30, 2003]</ref><ref name="RoseCritique">Rose, J.D. (2003) [http://about-flyfishing.com/library/weekly/JamesRose.pdf A Critique of the paper: "Do fish have nociceptors: Evidence for the evolution of a vertebrate sensory system"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119035004/http://www.about-flyfishing.com/library/weekly/JamesRose.pdf |date=2008-11-19 }} In: Information Resources on Fish Welfare 1970-2003, Animal Welfare
Information Resources No. 20. H. E. Erickson, Ed., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD. pp. 49–51</ref>