Editing Cebuano language (section)

==History==

[[File:Primer viaje en torno del globo (1922).jpg|thumb|[[Pigafetta's dictionary]] containing vocabularies from [[Malay language|Malay]] and [[Bisayan languages|Bisayan]] languages which also includes Cebuano which is then translated to or from [[Italian language|Italian]]]]

<!-- Cebuano originates from the island of Cebu.<ref name="Ceb2">{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_ceb_detail-2 |title=Facts About the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages, Past and Present |last=Wolff |first=John U. |publisher=H. W. Wilson |year=2001 |editor-last=Garry |editor-first=Jane  |location=New York |chapter=Cebuano |chapter-format=PDF |editor-last2=Galvez Rubino |editor-first2=Carl R.}}</ref> The language "has spread from its base in Cebu" to [[List of islands of Cebu|nearby islands]]<ref name="Ceb2" /> and also [[Bohol]], eastern [[Negros (island)|Negros]], western and southern parts of [[Leyte]] and most parts of [[Mindanao]], especially the northern, southern, and eastern parts of the large island.<ref name="Wolff 1972" />-->The Cebuano language is a descendant of the hypothesized reconstructed [[Proto-Philippine language]], which in turn descended from [[Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language|Proto-Malayo-Polynesian]], making it distantly related to many languages in [[Maritime Southeast Asia]], including [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and [[Malaysian language|Malay]]. The earlier forms of the language is hard to trace as a result of lack of documents written using the language through different time periods and also because the natives used to write on easily perishable material rather than on processed paper or parchment.

The earliest record of the Cebuano language was first documented in a [[Pigafetta's dictionary#Some list of words|list of words]] compiled by [[Antonio Pigafetta]], an Italian explorer who was part of [[Ferdinand Magellan]]'s 1521 expedition.<ref>{{cite web|title = Cebuano language, alphabet and pronunciation|url = http://www.omniglot.com/writing/cebuano.htm|website =Omniglot.com|access-date = 22 May 2015}}</ref> While there is evidence of a writing system for the language, its use appears to have been sporadic. Spaniards recorded the [[Baybayin|Visayan script]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Alphabets Des Philippines |url=https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/4e/af/c8/4eafc8e5f572d9a7bf7668bd35de9270.jpg |access-date=7 May 2017 |website=S-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com |format=JPG}}</ref> which was called ''kudlit-kabadlit'' by the natives.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eleanor |first=Maria |date=16 July 2011 |title=Finding the "Aginid" |url=http://www.philstar.com/cebu-lifestyle/706409/finding-aginid |access-date=7 May 2017 |website=philstar.com}}</ref> Although Spanish chroniclers [[Francisco Ignacio Alcina|Francisco Alcina]] and [[Antonio de Morga]] wrote that almost every native was literate in the 17th century CE, it appears to have been exaggerated as accounted for lack of physical evidence and contradicting reports of different accounts.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kawahara |first=Toshiaki |title=A study of literacy in pre-Hispanic Philippines |url=https://izumi-syuppan.co.jp/web_LLO/vol-8-2/ |url-status= |journal=Japanese Association of Linguistics in Oceania |publisher=Kyoto Koka Women's University |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=22–33}}</ref> A report from 1567 CE describes [[Baybayin#Early history|how the natives wrote the language]], and stated that the natives learned it from the Malays, but a century later another report claimed that the Visayan natives learned it from the Tagalogs. Despite the confirmation of the usage of ''baybayin'' in the region, the documents of the language being written in it other than Latin between the 17th century CE and 18th century CE are now rare. In the 18th century CE, Francisco Encina, a Spanish priest, compiled a grammar book on the language, but his work was published sometime only by the early 19th century CE. The priest recorded the letters of the Latin alphabet used for the language,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Encina |first=Francisco |url=https://archive.org/details/artedelalenguaze00enci_0 |title=Arte de la lengua zebuana |publisher=Sampaloc: s.n. |year=1801 |pages=597 |quote=Aunque no es de importancia la escritura bisaya Zebuana; te la pondré aqui; para que entiendas lo que ellos escriben; pues la usan mui frecuentemente como se sigue.}}</ref> and in a separate report, his name was listed as the recorder of the non-Latin characters used by the natives.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marcilla |first=Cipriano |title=Estudio de los antiguos alfabetos filipinos |publisher=Tipo-litografía del asilo de huérfanos |year=1895 |pages=11 |language=es}}</ref>

Cebuano written literature is generally agreed to have started with [[Vicente Sotto|Vicente Yap Sotto]], who wrote "''Maming"'' in 1901, but earlier he wrote a more patriotic piece of literature that was published a year later after ''Maming'' because of American censorship during the [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|US occupation of the Philippines]]. However, there existed a piece that was more of a conduct book rather than a fully defined story itself, written in 1852 by Fray Antonio Ubeda de la Santísima Trinidad.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cruz-Lucero |first=Rosario |title=The "Nation" in Vicente Sotto's Literary Imagination: A Study of Thirteen Cebuano Stories |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29792537 |journal=Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society |date=8 April 2024 |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=291–306 |jstor=29792537 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mojares |first=Resil B. |date=1973 |title=Cebuano Literature: A Survey of Sources |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29791057 |journal=Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=75–79 |jstor=29791057 |issn=0115-0243 |quote=Vernacular journalism in Cebu, on the hand, had its start with Vicente Sotto's Ang Suga (founded in 1901). [...] From 1901 to the present time, there have been no less than 150 commercial publications either purely or partly in Cebuano, published in Cebu and in other places, notably Manila, Bohol, the Misamis provinces, and Davao.}}</ref>