Editing Cephalization (section)

==== Arthropods ====

{{further|Arthropod head problem}}

In [[arthropod]]s, cephalization progressed with the gradual incorporation of trunk segments into the head region. This was advantageous because it allowed for the [[evolution]] of more effective mouth-parts for capturing and processing food. [[Insect]]s are strongly cephalized, their brain made of three fused [[ganglia]] attached to the [[ventral nerve cord]], which in turn has a pair of ganglia in each segment of the [[Thorax (arthropod anatomy)|thorax]] and [[Abdomen (insect anatomy)|abdomen]], the parts of the trunk behind the head. The [[insect head]] is an elaborate structure made of several [[Segmentation (biology)|segment]]s fused rigidly together, and equipped with both simple and [[compound eye]]s, and multiple [[appendage]]s including sensory [[Antenna (biology)|antennae]] and complex [[insect mouthparts|mouthparts]] (maxillae and mandibles).<ref name="Cabej2013"/>

[[File:Cuttlefish eye.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|[[Cephalopod]]s like this [[cuttlefish]] have [[cephalopod eye|advanced 'camera' eyes]]. The cuttlefish has a W-shaped [[pupil]].]]