Editing Chavacano (section)

===Characteristics===
The Chavacano languages in the Philippines are creoles based on [[Mexican Spanish]], southern [[peninsular Spanish]]<ref>{{cite thesis |type=Graduate|last=Lesho|first=Marivic |date=2013|title=The Sociophonetics and Phonology of the Cavite Chabacano Vowel System|page=171|quote= "Cavite Chabacano /s/ occurs in onset or coda, but there is some vestigial aspiration or deletion that occurs in final position. The aspiration or deletion of coda /s/ is widespread in southern Peninsular and Latin American Spanish dialects (Hualde 2005:161-165), and the occurrence of this feature in certain modern Cavite Chabacano words reflects an earlier period when those processes were more common in the Spanish of Cavite. According to Lipski (1986), the earlier variety of Spanish spoken in the Philippines had Mexican and Andalusian Spanish features, including /s/ aspiration, but in the late 1800s a more conservative non-aspirating variety of Peninsular Spanish was spoken there. As a result, certain Cavite Chabacano words have aspiration or deletion while others do not." |url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=osu1388249508&disposition=attachment |publisher=Ohio State University}}</ref> and possibly, [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. In some Chavacano languages, most words are common with [[Andalusian Spanish]], but there are many words borrowed from [[Nahuatl]], a language native to Central Mexico, which aren't found in Andalusian Spanish. Although the vocabulary is largely Mexican, its grammar is mostly based on other [[Languages of the Philippines|Philippine languages]], primarily [[Hiligaynon language|Ilonggo]], [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] and [[Bisayan languages|Bisaya]]. By way of Spanish, its vocabulary also has influences from the Native American languages [[Nahuatl]], [[Taino]], [[Quechua languages|Quechua]], etc. as can be evidenced by the words ''chongo'' ("monkey", instead of Spanish {{Wikt-lang|es|mono}}), ''tiange'' ("mini markets"), etc.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200722234615/http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/257/259 Hispanic Words of Indoamerican Origin in the Philippines] Page 136-137</ref>

In contrast with the Luzon-based dialects, the Zamboangueño variety has the most borrowings and/or influence from other Philippine [[Austronesian languages]] including [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]] and [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]. Words of [[Malay language|Malay]] origin are present in the Zamboangueño variety; the latter is included because although not local in Philippines, it was the lingua franca of [[maritime Southeast Asia]] and is still spoken in Muslim areas of Mindanao. As the Zamboangueño variety is also spoken by Muslims, the variety has some [[Arabic language|Arabic]] loanwords, most commonly [[Glossary of Islam|Islamic terms]].{{specify|date=February 2018}}{{dubious|date=February 2018}} In spite of this, it's difficult to trace whether these words have their origin in the local population or in Spanish itself, given that Spanish has about 6,000 words of Arabic origin. Chavacano also contains loanwords of [[Persian language|Persian]] origin which enter Chavacano via Malay and Arabic; both Persian and Spanish are [[Indo-European languages]].