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Chechen language
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== Dialects == There are a number of Chechen dialects: [[Aukh dialect|Aukh]], Chebarloish, Malkhish, Nokhchmakhkakhoish, Orstkhoish, Sharoish, Shuotoish, Terloish, Itum-Qalish and Himoish. Dialects of Chechen can be classified by their geographic position within the Chechen Republic. The dialects of the northern lowlands are often referred to as "{{transliteration|ce|Oharoy muott}}" (literally "lowlander's language") and the dialect of the southern mountain tribes is known as "{{transliteration|ce|Laamaroy muott}}" (lit. "mountainer's language"). {{transliteration|ce|Oharoy muott}} forms the basis for much of the standard and literary Chechen language, which can largely be traced to the regional dialects of Urus-Martan and contemporary [[Grozny]]. Laamaroy dialects include Chebarloish, Sharoish, Itum-Qalish, Kisti, and Himoish. Until recently, however, Himoy was undocumented and was considered a branch of Sharoish, as many dialects are also used as the basis of intertribal (teip) communication within a larger Chechen "{{transliteration|ce|tukkhum}}". Laamaroy dialects such as Sharoish, Himoish and Chebarloish are more conservative and retain many features from Proto-Chechen. For instance, many of these dialects lack a number of vowels found in the standard language which were a result of [[Umlaut (linguistics)|long-distance assimilation]] between vowel sounds. Additionally, the Himoy dialect preserves word-final, post-tonic vowels as a schwa [Ι]. Literary Chechen is based on Plains Chechen, spoken around [[Grozny]] and [[Urus-Martan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaimoukha |first=Amjad M. |title=The Chechens: a handbook |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-138-87445-9 |series=Caucasus world Peoples of the Caucasus |location=London New York |page=202}}</ref>
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