Editing Chips and Technologies (section)

==Video chips==
Chips and Technologies was the first company (outside of IBM) to deliver an [[Enhanced Graphics Adapter|EGA]]-compatible chipset. The Enhanced Graphics CHIPSet consisted of the four chips:
* 82C431 Graphics Controller
* 82C432 Sequencer
* 82C433 Attributes Controller
* 82C434 CRT Controller<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=a91QXlvTPHAC&pg=PA160 Anatomy of an EGA Board], ''PC Magazine'', August 1986</ref>

Later C&T announced a "Super EGA" dual-chip chipset: 82C435 Enhanced Graphics Controller and 82A436 Bus Interface with resolution up to 800×600 38MHz.

C&T was the first company (outside of IBM) to deliver a compatible [[Video Graphics Array|VGA]] chipset, the 82C451, and VGA cards were introduced the same year as VGA (1987) based on the 82C451, opening up the IBM compatible graphics display market.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6a8_AAAAQBAJ&q=82c441+chips+and+technologies&pg=PA254|title=The History of Visual Magic in Computers: How Beautiful Images are Made in CAD, 3D, VR and AR|last=Peddie|first=Jon|date=2013-06-13|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781447149323|language=en}}</ref> This market was then entered by companies such as [[Trident Microsystems]], [[Western Digital]], [[Cirrus Logic]], [[Oak Technology]], and others, until it was saturated.

The 82C480/82C481 series is fully compatible with the IBM 8514/A graphics controller and accelerates 2D GUI operations on a 32-bit VRAM interface. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bitsavers.org/components/chipsAndTech/82C480_8214_Graphics_Controller_Rev1.6_199007.pdf|title=82C480 Series Graphics Controller|publisher=|accessdate=8 December 2024}}</ref>

Chips and Technologies provided the [[Wingine]] video card, a very high speed [[framebuffer]] that sat in a proprietary local bus slot on supported motherboards.  Epson and JCIS were two manufacturers who offered motherboards featuring the Wingine local bus slot.  The Wingine was popular with users of [[NEXTSTEP]] for Intel processors, as it was one of the highest performing video cards supported by the operating system.<ref>[http://www.bytecellar.com/2007/02/09/chips_technolog/ bytecellar.com - Chips & Technologies’ WINGINE], 2007-02-09</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070222224854/http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles%2F1993%2Fjan93%2F93n0110.asp&articleid=5816&guid= CHIPS And Technologies' WINGINE: Giving Windows Horsepower]</ref> Latest HiQVision architecture (65550, 65554, 65555, 68554, 69000 and 69030) was aimed at low-cost, high performance, highly integrated products with flatpanel/LCD direct drive features.

[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] used a number of C&amp;T controllers in their [[PowerBook]] line. Among others, the 65550 was used in the [[PowerBook 3400]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockhopper.dk/old/linux/hardware/powerbook-3400.html|title=RockHopper.dk: Apple Powerbook 3400 240MHz|accessdate=29 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501232130/http://www.rockhopper.dk/old/linux/hardware/powerbook-3400.html|archive-date=1 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the faster 65554 was used in the "Kanga" [[PowerBook G3]], which was derived from the 3400.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lowendmac.com/ed/moore/08cwm/powerbook-g3-press-release.html|title=PowerBook G3 Press Release|publisher=|accessdate=29 September 2014}}</ref> Early [[NuBus]] PowerBooks such as the [[PowerBook 1400]] used the less-sophisticated 65525A.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ports.ppc.nubus-pmac.users/1223|title=For users of Linux on NuBus PowerMacs|publisher=|accessdate=29 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622054501/http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ports.ppc.nubus-pmac.users/1223|archive-date=22 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

C&T eventually ended up competing in the low end of the video market, the 65555 featured an [[Low-voltage differential signaling|LVDS]] transmitter and notably won a design in early Compaq Armada laptops.

<gallery mode="traditional" style="text-align:left">
File:KL_Genoa_EGA.jpg|[[Genoa Systems|Genoa]] EGA using original C&T four-chip chipset
File:CT LEGA.jpg|Card using C&T "Super EGA" dual-chip chipset
File:CT VGA.jpg|VGA-compatible ISA card with C&T chip
</gallery>