Editing Chuvash language (section)

=== Comparison ===
In the 8-10th centuries in Central Asia, the ancient Turkic script (the [[Orkhon-Yenisei script|Orkhon-Yenisei runic script]]) was used for writing in Turkic languages. Turkic epitaphs of 7-9th centuries AD were left by speakers of various dialects (table):

* Often in the Chuvash language, the Common Turkic sounds of '''/j/''' (''Oghuz''), '''/d/''' (''Karluk''), '''/z/''' (''Kipchak'') are replaced by '''/r/''', example ''[[rhotacism]]'':

Words for "leg" and "put" in various Turkic languages:

j - languages (Oguz): ''ayaq, qoy-''

d - languages (Karluk): ''adaq, qod-''

z - languages (Kypchak): ''azaq, qoz-''

r - languages (Oghur): ''ura, hur- ([[Dialectic|dial.]] ora, hor-)''<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Егоров (Egorov) |first=Василий Георгиевич |url=https://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/chuvash.pdf |title=Чăваш чĕлхин этимологи словарĕ. |publisher=Чувашское книжное издательство |year=1964 |location=Cheboksary |language=ru |trans-title=Этимологический словарь чувашского языка }}</ref>

* Often in the Chuvash language, the Turkic sound '''/q/''' is replaced by '''/x/''', example ''hitaism'':

'''Comparison table'''<ref name=":3" />

Сhitacism (Q > H)
{| class="wikitable"
! English word !! Oghuz / Kipchak !! Chuvash (Up.)
!Chuvash (Low.)
|-
| black || qara ||  hura
|hora
|-
| goose || qaz ||  hur
|hor
|-
| girl ||  qız ||  hĕr
|hĕr
|-
| zucchini || qabaq ||  hupah
|hopah
|}

* The '''-h-''' sound disappears if it is the final sound of a syllable.

''Dudaq - Tuta - Lips'' instead of ''Tutah''

''Ayaq - Ura - Leg'' instead of ''Urah''

''Balıq - Pulă - Fish'' instead of ''Pulăh''

''İnek'' - ''Ĕne - Cow''  instead of ''Ĕneh''<ref name=":3" />

* Turkic sound '''-y-'''  (''oguz'') and '''-j-''' (''kipchaks'')  is replaced by chuvash '''-''ş''-''', example:

Words in Turkic languages: ''egg, snake, rain, house, earth''

Oguz: ''yumurta, yılan, yağmur, yurt, yer (''turk., azerb.'')''

Kipchaks: ''jumırtqa, jılan, jañğır, jurt, jer (''kyrgyz., kazakh.'')''

Chuvash: ''şămarta, şĕlen, şămăr, şurt, şĕr''<ref name=":3" />

* The Turkic sound '''-ş-''' is replaced by the Chuvash '''-L-''', example ''lambdaism'':

'''Comparison table'''<ref name=":3" />
{| class="wikitable"
! English word !! Oghuz / Kipchak !! Chuvash
|-
| winter || qıš  || hĕl
|-
| silver || kümüş ||  kӗmӗl
|-
| sun || quyaş/güŋeş || hĕvel
|}

* In the field of vowels, we observe the following correspondences: the common Turkic '''-a-''' in the first syllable of the word in Chuvash correspond to '''-u-''' and '''-o-.'''

'''Comparison table'''<ref name=":3" />
{| class="wikitable"
! English word !! Oguz / Kipchak !! Chuvash (Up.)
!Chuvash (Low.)
|-
| horse || at || ut 
|ot
|-
| coin || aqça || ukşa
|okşa
|-
| head || baš ||  puş
|poş
|-
| step || adım || utăm 
|otăm
|}

In modern times, in Chuvash [a] remains, Tatar "kapka" ~ Chuvash "hapha" (gate), when there should be a "''hupha''" from the root "''hup - close''".

* In the field of vowels, G. F. Miller observes another example when '''-u-''' is replaced by '''-wu-''' or '''-wă-'''

'''Comparison table'''<ref name=":3" />
{| class="wikitable"
! English word !! Oguz !! Chuvash (Upper) || Kipchak !! Chuvash (Lower)
|-
| fire || ut ||   wut ||  ot  || wot
|-
| ten || un  || wun ||   on  || won
|-
| forest || urman ||  wărman ||  orman || wărman 
|-
| Russian || urus  ||  wırăs ||  orus  || wırăs
|-
| he || ul || wăl ||  ol ||   wăl 
|-
| thirty || utyz ||  wătăr ||   otyz  || wătăr
|}

* The fricative '''-g-''' in some words in Chuvash corresponds to '''-v-'''

'''Comparison table'''<ref name=":3" />
{| class="wikitable"
! English word !! Oghuz !! Chuvash
|-
| native || doğan || tăvan
|-
|tree
|ağaç
|jıvăş
|-
| mountain || dağ || tuv
|}
'''Ogur and Oguz'''

It is well known that the ''[[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz]]'' group of Turkic languages differs from the ''[[Kipchaks|Kipchak]]'' in that the word “I” was pronounced by the [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz''es'']] and [[Ogurs|Oghurs]] in ancient times by "''bä(n)"'', and the rest of the Turks - by "''män".'' There is such a difference in the modern Turkic languages of the Volga region:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Volga Tatar
!Chuvash
!Oghuz
!Translation
!Notes
|-
|{{Lang|tt|min}}
|эпӗ(н)
|ben
|I, me
|
|-
|{{Lang|tt|meñ}}
|пин
|biŋ
|thousand
|
|-
|{{Lang|tt|miləş}}
|пилеш
|
|[[rowan]]
|
|-
|{{Lang|tt|məçe}}
|пӗҫи, пиҫук
|pişik
|cat
|
|-
|{{Lang|tt|miçəw}}
|пичев
|
|buckle
|
|}
tat., bash. ''Min'', ogur/chuv. ''Epĕn'' (< *pen), turk. ''Ben'', eng. «''I am''»;

tat., bash. ''Mең'', ogur/chuv. ''Piń,'' turk. ''Bin,'' eng. «thousand»;

tat., bash. Milәş, ogur/chuv. Pileš, eng. «rowan»;

tat. ''Мәçe'', ogur/chuv. ''Pĕşi, Pĕşuk,'' az. ''Pişik,'' eng. «cat»;

{{Langx|ba|Мисәү|Misəw}}, {{Langx|cv|Пичев|Piçev|buckle}}