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Cimbrian language
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== Phonology == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Vowel inventory<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Grammatische Beschreibung des Zimbrischen von Lusern|last=Tyroller|first=Hans|publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag|year=2003|isbn=3-515-08038-4|location=Stuttgart, Germany|pages=9, 15, 17, 33, 49, 124, 199}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" | ![[Front vowel|Front]] ![[Central vowel|Central]] ![[Back vowel|Back]] |- class="small" ![[Unrounded vowel|unrounded]]/[[Roundedness|rounded]] ![[Roundedness|unrounded]]/[[Roundedness|rounded]] ![[Roundedness|unrounded]]/[[Roundedness|rounded]] |- ![[Close vowel|Close]] |[[Close front unrounded vowel|i]] / [[Close front rounded vowel|y]] |[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] / [[Ʉ (IPA)|ʉ]] |/ [[Close back rounded vowel|u]] |- ![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] |[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] / [[Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] |[[Close-mid central unrounded vowel|ə]] / [[Close-mid central rounded vowel|ɵ]] |/ [[Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] |- ![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] |[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] / [[Open-mid front rounded vowel|œ]] | |/ [[Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]] |- ![[Near-open vowel|Near-open]] | |[[Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] / | |- ![[Open vowel|Open]] |[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] / | |[[Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] / |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Consonant inventory<ref name=":2" /> ! ! colspan="2" |[[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] ! colspan="2" |[[Labiodental consonant|Labio-<br>dental]] ! colspan="2" |[[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br>[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ! colspan="2" | [[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-<br>palatal]] ! colspan="2" |[[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]] ! colspan="2" |[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ! colspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]] ![[Uvular consonant|Uvular]] ![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- ![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | colspan="2" style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|m}} | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|n}} | | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ɲ|ɲː}}* | |[[Velar nasal|ŋ]] | | |- ![[Stop consonant|Stop]] | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|p}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|b}} | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|t̪|t}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|d̪|d}} | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|k}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ɡ}} | | |- ![[Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" |[[Voiceless labiodental affricate|p͡f]] | style="border-left: 0;" |[[Voiced labiodental affricate|b͡v]] | style="border-right: 0;" |[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]] | style="border-left: 0;" |[[Voiced alveolar affricate|d͡z]] | | | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}} |t͡ç | |[[Voiceless velar affricate|k͡x]] | | | |- ![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] |[[Voiced bilabial fricative|β]] | | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|f}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|v}} | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|s̪|s̪}} | style="border-left: 0;" | |[[Voiceless palatal sibilant|s]] |[[Voiced palatal sibilant|z]] | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|ʃ|ʃː}} | style="border-left: 0;" | | colspan="2" | |[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] | |[[Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]] |[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] |- ![[Trill consonant|Trill]] | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|r}} | | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | |[[Uvular trill|ʀ]] | |- ![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|j}} | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|w}} | | |- ![[Lateral consonant#Approximants|Lateral]] | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|l}} | | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ʎ|ʎː}}* | colspan="2" | | | |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> A star represents sounds that are used by those who speak the Lusern dialect outside of Lusern in strictly Italian areas. <ref name=":2" />
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