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Cirque
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===Fluvial-erosion=== {{Further|Steephead valley|Makhtesh}} [[File:BoutDuMonde2.jpg|thumb|The [[Cirque du Bout du Monde (Côte d'Or)|Cirque du Bout du Monde]]]] Although a less common usage,{{refn|This concern is not new, see Evans, I.S. & N. Cox, 1974: ''Geomorphometry and the operational definition of cirques,'' Area. Institute of British Geographers, 6: 150–53 regarding term usage.|group="nb"}} the term cirque is also used for amphitheatre-shaped, fluvial-erosion features. For example, an approximately {{convert|200|km2|mi2}} anticlinal erosion cirque is at {{coord|30|35|N|34|45|E|name=Negev anticlinal erosion cirque}} on the southern boundary of the [[Negev|Negev highlands]]. This erosional cirque or ''{{Transliteration|he|[[makhtesh]]}}'' was formed by intermittent river flow in the [[Makhtesh Ramon]] cutting through layers of limestone and chalk, resulting in cirque walls with a sheer {{convert|200|m|ft}} drop.<ref name=Ward2000 /> The [[Cirque du Bout du Monde (Côte d'Or)|Cirque du Bout du Monde]] is another such feature, created in [[karst]] terraine in the [[Burgundy (region)|Burgundy region]] of the department of {{Lang|fr|[[Côte-d'Or]]|italic=no}} in [[France]]. Yet another type of fluvial erosion-formed cirque is found on [[Réunion|Réunion island]], which includes the tallest volcanic structure in the [[Indian Ocean]]. The island consists of an active shield-volcano ({{Lang|fr|[[Piton de la Fournaise]]|italic=no}}) and an extinct, deeply eroded volcano ([[Piton des Neiges]]). Three cirques have eroded there in a sequence of agglomerated, fragmented rock and volcanic [[breccia]] associated with [[Pillow lava|pillow lavas]] overlain by more coherent, solid lavas.<ref name=Upton1969 /> A common feature for all fluvial-erosion cirques is a terrain which includes erosion resistant upper structures overlying materials which are more easily eroded. [[File:Western Cwm and Lhotse.jpg|thumb|The [[Western Cwm]] with the [[Lhotse]] face of [[Mount Everest]] in the background]]
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