Editing Cissy Patterson (section)

==Business dealings and social life==
After her experience abroad, she moved to [[Lake Forest, Illinois]], a Chicago suburb, but she returned to Washington in 1913. In 1920, her brother Joseph finally succumbed to his sister's pleas and allowed her to write for his ''[[New York Daily News]]'', founded the previous year. She also worked for [[William Randolph Hearst]]. She published two novels, [[roman à clef|''romans à clef'']], ''Glass Houses'' (1926) and ''Fall Flight'' (1928), part of her feud with former friend [[Alice Longworth|Alice Roosevelt Longworth]]. In 1925, Eleanor married Elmer Schlesinger, a New York lawyer. He died four years later, and in 1930, Mrs. Schlesinger legally changed her name to Mrs. Eleanor Medill Patterson.

Patterson tried to buy Hearst's two Washington papers, the morning ''Washington Herald'' and the evening ''Washington Times''. However, Hearst hated to sell anything, even when he needed the money. Although he had never made money from his Washington papers, he refused to give up the prestige of owning papers in the capital. However, Hearst agreed to make Patterson the papers' editor at the urging of his editor [[Arthur Brisbane]]. 

<blockquote>"...And Cissy, although she had no education to speak of and she had very little journalistic experience, seemed to have some of that gift. One of the things she did when William Randolph Hearst allowed her to run his ''Washington Herald'', which was running fifth in a six-paper market in 1930, she immediately started making changes, the kind of changes that her brother would have made. She added a lot of local features, a lot of local color. She hired a lot of local writers, rather than use the, as she put it, “canned stuff” that came off the Hearst wires."<ref name="Amanda/JFK/Cissy">{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Amanda |last2=Putnam |first2=Tom |title=Cissy Patterson: The Most Powerful Woman in 20th Century America |url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/events-and-awards/kennedy-library-forums/past-forums/transcripts/cissy-patterson-the-most-powerful-woman-in-20th-century-america |website=jfklibrary.org {{!}} [[JFK Library]] |access-date=8 September 2024 |language=en |date=December 12, 2011}}[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjQX9T4SlAM youtube]</ref> [[Jean_Kennedy_Smith#Personal_life|Amanda Smith]], 2011</blockquote>

<blockquote>"She revitalized the paper and promptly changed the Times from a staid and plodding publication to one more vitally interested in the most tawdry murders to women’s issues and society columns.  The addition of coverage of much of Washington’s glittering society appealed to women readers, as did articles on food and fashion.  Cissy hired several women to write for the Times and her changes had the effect of propelling the Washington Herald to one of the leading newspapers in Washington, D. C.  It wasn’t long before Cissy Patterson had doubled the circulation of the Herald, a feat William Randolph Hearst himself had not been able to accomplish."<ref name="kF/Cissy">{{cite news |last1=Hill |first1=Ray |title=Eleanor ‘Cissy’ Patterson, Publisher & Personality |url=https://www.knoxfocus.com/archives/eleanor-cissy-patterson-publisher-personality/ |access-date=8 September 2024 |work=[[The Knoxville Focus]]}}</ref> - Ray Hill, [[The Knoxville Focus]], </blockquote>

She began work on August 1, 1930. Patterson was a hands-on editor who insisted on the best of everything—writing, layout, typography, images, and comics.{{cn|date=September 2024}} She encouraged society reporting and the [[women's page]] and hired many women as reporters, including [[Adela Rogers St. Johns]] and Martha Blair. In 1936, she was invited to join the [[American Society of Newspaper Editors]].

In April 1931, Patterson purchased [[Rosaryville State Park|Mount Airy]], a mansion built by [[Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore]] in the 1600s.{{sfn|Smith|2011|page=288}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Lord Baltimore Home, Built in 1642, Is Sold|work=The Washington Post|date=April 22, 1931|page=20}}</ref> Located on extensive grounds near [[Rosaryville, Maryland]], since about 1910 the mansion's owners had operated it as Dower House, an exclusive restaurant, but it suffered a severe fire in February 1931.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dower House, Built in 1660 Razed By Fire|work=The Washington Post|date=February 2, 1931|page=1}}</ref> Patterson not only meticulously restored the mansion, but improved the stables, added a guest house, and built a greenhouse for growing orchids.{{sfn|Smith|2011|page=288}}

In 1937, Hearst's finances had worsened, and he agreed to lease the ''Herald'' and the ''Times'' to Patterson with an option to buy. [[Eugene Meyer (financier)|Eugene Meyer]], the man who had outbid Hearst and Patterson for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' in 1933, tried to buy the ''Herald'' out from under Patterson, but failed. Instead, she bought both papers from Hearst on January 28, 1939, and merged them as the ''Times-Herald''.

<blockquote>"[[Henry Luce]], husband of [[Clare Booth Luce]], sometime playwright and Congresswoman, was the owner of the august [[TIME magazine]] and [[Life (magazine)|LIFE]], among other publications.  His dislike for Cissy was likely in part for Cissy’s tart dismissal of his wife as “that lovely asp” and he derided Cissy’s newspaper as “Cissy’s henhouse.”  Cissy did indeed use her newspaper to punish her enemies as well as publicly pick at issues sure to appeal to her readers."<ref name="kF/Cissy"/> - Ray Hill, [[The Knoxville Focus]], </blockquote>

During the 1930s, Patterson was generally supportive of Roosevelt and the New Deal. Her friendship with Eleanor Roosevelt was particularly close. Although her ''Times-Herald'', along with brother Joe Patterson's ''New York Daily News'', endorsed the president for a third term in 1940, both turned against his foreign policy by early 1941. They feared that he was needlessly drawing the U.S. into a foreign war. After the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], however, both Cissy and Joe immediately offered their full support to the war effort but the president, rebuffed them, warning that Cissy needed to "behave herself." "Roosevelt could easily have converted both Pattersons to his cause," writes Cissy's biographer, Ralph G. Martin. "Instead, he created two bitter and powerful enemies." Furthermore, Roosevelt urged Attorney General [[Francis Biddle]] and other officials to intensify investigations against the so-called "McCormick-Patterson Axis."<ref>{{cite book | last=Beito | first=David T. | title=The New Deal's War on the Bill of Rights: The Untold Story of FDR's Concentration Camps, Censorship, and Mass Surveillance | edition=First | pages=210–211, 220–242| location=Oakland | publisher=Independent Institute | year=2023 | isbn=978-1598133561}}</ref>

In 1942, after the [[Battle of Midway]], the ''Times-Herald'' ran a ''Tribune'' story that the U.S. had advance knowledge about the movements of the Japanese attack force. The story did not report that the U.S. had broken the Japanese naval code, but that was a natural conclusion the enemy could make from the content. Roosevelt, furious, had the ''Tribune'' and the ''Times-Herald'' indicted for espionage but backed down because of the publicity, charges he was persecuting his enemies, and the likelihood of an acquittal (since the Navy's censors had twice cleared the story before it was published and the Code of Wartime Practices said nothing about the movement of enemy ships). Attorney General Biddle said that the government's humiliation in the case made him feel "like a fool."<ref>Beito, p. 220-221.</ref>

During [[World War II]], she and her brother were accused of being [[Nazism|Nazi]] sympathizers even though both had endorsed the president in the previous three elections. Representative [[Elmer Holland]] of [[Pennsylvania]] said on the floor of the [[United States House of Representatives]] that the Pattersons "would welcome the victory of [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]]."