Editing Civic Platform (section)

== Organization ==

=== Leadership ===
{| class="wikitable"
! No.
! Image
! Name
! Tenure
|----
| align="center" | '''1'''
| [[File:Maciej Płażyński 2.jpg|80px]]
| [[Maciej Płażyński]]
| 18 October 2001–<br />1 June 2003
|----
| align="center" | '''2'''
| [[File:Donald Tusk (6165309851) (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| [[Donald Tusk]]
| 1 June 2003–<br />8 November 2014
|----
| align="center" | '''3'''
| [[File:Ewa Kopacz debata z Szydło (19.10.2015).jpg|80px]]
| [[Ewa Kopacz]]
| 8 November 2014–<br />26 January 2016
|----
| align="center" | '''4'''
| [[File:Grzegorz Schetyna Sejm 2019.jpg|80px]]
| [[Grzegorz Schetyna]]
| 26 January 2016–<br />29 January 2020
|----
| align="center" | '''5'''
| [[File:Borys Budka Sejm 2016.JPG|80px]]
| [[Borys Budka]]
| 29 January 2020–<br />3 July 2021
|----
| align="center" | '''(2)'''
| [[File:EPP Summit, 29 June, Brussels (53287183894) (cropped) no mic.png|80px]]
| Donald Tusk
| since 3 July 2021
|}

=== Notable politicians ===
<gallery>
Image:Bronisław Komorowski (2013).jpg|[[Bronisław Komorowski]] former [[president of Poland]]
Image:Buzek 3200.jpg|[[Jerzy Buzek]] former [[president of the European Parliament]] and former [[Prime Minister of Poland]]
Image:[[Borys Budka]] former [[Minister of Justice]] and leader of Platforma Obywatelska (2020-2021)
Image:[[Radosław Sikorski]] former [[Minister of Foreign Affairs]] and [[Marshal of the Sejm]]
Image:Bogdanborusewicz.jpg|[[Bogdan Borusewicz]] former [[Marshal of the Senate]]
Image:Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (2014).JPG|[[Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz]] former [[Mayor of Warsaw]]
Image:[[Rafał Trzaskowski]] [[Mayor of Warsaw]] candidate for [[President of Poland]] in 2020
</gallery>

=== Political support ===
{{See also|Poland A and B}}
[[File:Präsidentschaftswahl Polen 2010 Runde 1.svg|thumb|right|300px|Civic Platform's support is concentrated in the west and north of the country.  Areas voting for [[Bronisław Komorowski]] in 2010 are shaded orange above.]]
As of 2020, the party enjoyed the greatest support in large cities and among people with higher education and in managerial positions, while in terms of age, the electorate was evenly distributed,<ref name="biskup">{{cite journal |last=Biskup |first=Bartłomiej |year=2020 |title=Portret wyborców AD 2019. Zmiany w preferencjach elektoratów partyjnych w Polsce |publisher=Warsaw University |doi=10.33896/SPolit.2020.55.13 |language=pl |url=http://www.studiapolitologiczne.pl/pdf-123030-51191?filename=Voter_s%20portrait%20AD.pdf |journal=Studia Politologiczne |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=306–307|s2cid=238178401 }}</ref> and the electoral base of the Civic Platform lay in middle-aged, highly educated [[Gold-collar worker|gold-collar]] and [[white-collar worker|white-collar]] workers of the [[Middle class|middle]] and [[upper-middle class]]es.<ref name="biskup"/> As of 2020, the Civic Platform electorate was made up of more women than men, was disproportionally represented by middle-aged, urban and middle-class voters, and was characterized by higher levels of education, higher position in the socio-professional structure, as well as moderate religiosity and Roman Catholicism.<ref name="zagała_198">{{cite journal |last=Zagała |first=Zbigniew |year=2020 |title=Partie polityczne i ich elektoraty. Od sympatii do antagonizmu. Na przykładzie Platformy Obywatelskiej i Prawa i Sprawiedliwości |publisher=Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM |doi=10.14746/pp.2020.25.2.14 |language=pl |journal=Przegląd Politologiczny |volume=2 |issue=2 |issn=1426-8876 |page=198|s2cid=225679632 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The party consistently enjoyed overwhelming support of workers such as directors, managers and specialists, business owners and co-owners, and administrative workers.<ref name="biskup"/> At the same time, the party underperformed amongst [[blue-collar worker]]s, young voters, farmers and students, as well as unemployed voters.<ref name="biskup"/> In regards to age, Civic Platform performed the best amongst voters aged 40–49, while also performing strongly among 30-39 and 50-59 year olds. The party performs the worst amongst the oldest (aged 60 or more) and the youngest (aged 29 or less) voters.<ref name="biskup"/> The party strongly appealed to urban voters, as almost a half of voters living in big cities (500,000 people or more) vote for Civic Platform; support for the party remains strong in middle-sized cities but strongly declines in small towns and the countryside, as on average only 15% of rural voters support it.<ref name="biskup"/> 

As of 2016, an overwhelming majority of party's supporters (83%) were Roman Catholics, and 44% of these voters partook in religious practices at least once a week.<ref name="secler">{{cite book |last=Secler |first=Bartłomiej |year=2016 |title=Religia i Religijność a Poziom Frekwencji Wyborczej |isbn=978-83-62352-35-7 |publisher=Wydawnictwo Morpho |language=pl |url=https://repozytorium.amu.edu.pl/bitstream/10593/15310/1/Religia%20i%20religinosc%20a%20frekwencja%20wyborcza.pdf |page=109}}</ref> As of 2016, the party was supported by the [[Christian left]], as well as liberal and moderate Catholics,<ref name="secler"/> while most of conservative Catholics in Poland support [[Law and Justice]] instead.<ref name="secler"/> Churchgoing Catholics are roughly evenly split between Civic Platform and Law and Justice, with a significant minority of churchgoers supporting [[Polish People's Party]] as well.<ref name="secler"/> Catholics who support Civic Platform "oppose, on the one hand, the state's enforcement of religious norms and, on the other, do not condone their violation".<ref name="kowalczyk">{{cite journal |last=Kowalczyk |first=Krzysztof |year=2015 |title=Stanowiska polskich partii politycznych wobec religii i Kościoła. Propozycja typologii |issn=2353-9747 |journal=Studia Politicae Universitatis Silesiensis |volume=15 |issue=1 |publisher=University of Silesia in Katowice |language=pl |page=168}}</ref> This is largely consistent with the party's attitude towards religion, which combines a moderately conservative and [[political Catholicism|politically Catholic]] program with left-wing economic slogans, supported by [[Catholic social teaching]] and the teaching of [[John Paul II]] contained in the encyclical [[Centesimus annus]].<ref name="kowalczyk"/>

As of 2020, most of Civic Platform's electorate identified as [[Liberal conservatism|liberal conservative]]s, centrists and moderate conservatives.<ref name="zagała">{{cite journal |last=Zagała |first=Zbigniew |year=2020 |title=Partie polityczne i ich elektoraty. Od sympatii do antagonizmu. Na przykładzie Platformy Obywatelskiej i Prawa i Sprawiedliwości |publisher=Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM
 |doi=10.14746/pp.2020.25.2.14 |language=pl |journal=Przegląd Politologiczny |volume=2 |issue=2 |issn=1426-8876 |pages=193–205|s2cid=225679632 |doi-access=free }}</ref> No tendency dominates, as the party's supporters are roughly evenly split between political tendencies - 35% of party's supporters identify with [[political centre|political center]], 28% as [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]], and 24% as [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]].<ref name="zagała"/> Throughout the 2010s, Civic Platform had been losing left-wing supporters due to the re-emergence of [[The Left (Poland)|Lewica]] as well as [[Janusz Palikot]]'s defection from the party.<ref name="zagała"/> The party also faced a challenge from [[Modern (political party)|Nowoczesna]], whose vote "came largely from former Civic Platform supporters, disappointed with its failure to shake off its social conservatism".<ref name="koczanowicz">{{cite journal |last=Koczanowicz |first=Leszek |date=December 2016 |title=The Polish Case: Community and Democracy under the PiS |language=en |journal=New Left Review |volume=102 |issue=1 |page=78 }}</ref> According to Janusz Jartyś of the [[University of Szczecin]], the ideological base of Civic Platform are "national-conservative, liberal and social-democratic voters", with each faction expecting "at least partial implementation of their demands, stability in the governance of the country and social peace".<ref name="jartys">{{cite journal |last=Jartyś |first=Janusz |year=2016 |title=Kwestie obyczajowe w programie i działalności Platformy Obywatelskiej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej |publisher=Uniwersytet Szczeciński |doi=10.18276/ap.2016.35-05 |language=pl |journal=Acta Politica Polonica |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=59–66|doi-access=free }}</ref> According to [[:da:Søren Riishøj|Søren Riishøj]], the party is also unpopular amongst the traditionally social-democratic voters, who are opposed to [[European integration|Europeanisation]] and [[globalization]], and are critical of the Civic Platform's "almost U.S. type of election campaign."<ref name="riishoj">{{cite journal |author=Søren Riishøj |author-link=:da:Søren Riishøj |year=2010 |title=The Civic Platform in Poland - the first decade 2001-2011 |language=en |journal=Political Science Publications |volume=24 |issue=1 |page=15}}</ref>

As of 2021, according to [[Centre for Public Opinion Research|CBOS]], Civic Platform was overwhelmingly popular amongst pro-European voters, with almost 80% of party's supporters wishing to cooperate with the [[European Union]] more.<ref name="cbos">{{cite journal |last=Roguska |first=Beata |date=August 2021 |title=Elektoraty o istotnych kwestiach społeczno-politycznych |publisher=Centre for Public Opinion Research |issn=2353-5822 |language=pl |journal=Komunikat z Badań |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=9–10}}</ref> The party is generally supported by moderates, as most of the party's voters wish for a "compromise" on issues such as abortion.<ref name="cbos"/> Economically, the party is supported by pro-business and welfare-oriented voters alike; while most of Civic Platform's supporters believe that Poland should become a [[welfare state]], they are evenly split on issues such as [[progressive taxation]] and [[flat tax]], and [[nationalization]] vs. [[privatization]].<ref name="cbos"/> The party has also enjoyed the support of [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalists]], [[Regional autonomy|autonomists]] and voters supportive of [[decentralization]] and [[Localism (politics)|localism]] in general.<ref name="cbos"/> Over 90% of Civic Platform supporters believe that local governments should have more power and that the national government should devolve its power to the regional governments of [[gmina]]s and [[voivodeship]]s.<ref name="cbos"/> The party is supported by [[Silesian independence|Silesian regionalists]],<ref name="wyborcza1">{{cite news |last=Jedlecki |language=pl |first=Przemysław |date=8 August 2019 |title=Śląscy autonomiści dołączają do Koalicji Obywatelskiej |url=https://katowice.wyborcza.pl/katowice/7,35063,25070575,slascy-autonomisci-dolaczaja-do-koalicji-obywatelskiej.html?disableRedirects=true |publisher=Wyborcza}}</ref> and had organized joint electoral lists with Silesian parties like [[Silesian Autonomy Movement]] and [[Silesian Regional Party]].<ref name="onet1">{{cite news |last=Pawlik |language=pl |first=Paweł |date=9 August 2019 |title=Ruch Autonomii Śląska na listach Koalicji Obywatelskiej |url=https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/slask/wybory-parlamentarne-2019-ruch-autonomii-slaska-na-listach-koalicji-obywatelskiej/5b75y0t |publisher=Onet}}</ref> Local politicians of the Civic Platform in Silesia are often associated with Silesian regionalism as well.<ref>{{cite web |title=Śląskie Porozumienie Wyborcze nawiązuje współpracę z Koalicją Obywatelską. Śląski wyborca musi mieć pewność, że głos na regionalistów nie będzie głosem zmarnowanym |url=https://autonomia.pl/2019/08/08/slaskie-porozumienie-wyborcze-nawiazuje-wspolprace-z-koalicja-obywatelska-slaski-wyborca-musi-miec-pewnosc-ze-glos-na-regionalistow-nie-bedzie-glosem-zmarnowanym/ |website=autonomia.pl |language=pl|date=8 August 2019}}</ref> The party also enjoys support from the [[Kashubians]] and their local autonomist movement,<ref name="natemat1">{{cite news |last=Noch |language=pl |first=Jakub |date=6 October 2015 |title="Zemsta za Tuska i brak poparcia PiS". Jak i dlaczego Kaszubi jednoczą się przeciw PiS, który chce ich "rozbioru" |url=https://natemat.pl/156931,zemsta-za-tuska-i-niepopieranie-pis-jak-i-dlaczego-kaszubi-jednocza-sie-przeciw-pis-ktory-zaatakowal-ich-wspolnote |publisher=NaTemat}}</ref> with the co-founder of the party, [[Donald Tusk]], having expressed his support for autonomous [[Kashubia]] in 1992.<ref name="tusk1">{{cite news |last=Tusk |first=Donald |author-link=Donald Tusk |date=June 1992 |title=Regionalizm jako samodzielna siła polityczna |language=pl |url=https://bibliotekacyfrowa.eu/Content/2911/Image001.pdf |work=Pomerania |location=Gdańsk}}</ref> 

In March 2023, Tusk stated that [[Silesian language|Silesian]] should be considered a language rather than an [[ethnolect]] as it has unique literature and grammar, and promised to recognize Silesian as an official, statutory language of Upper Silesia.<ref name="bankier_1">{{cite news |date=19 March 2023 |title=Tusk: Śląski będzie językiem regionalnym, też na poziomie ustawowym |url=https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Tusk-Slaski-bedzie-jezykiem-regionalnym-tez-na-poziomie-ustawowym-8507823.html |publisher=[[:pl:Bankier.pl|Bankier]] |language=pl}}</ref><ref name="pap_1">{{cite news |last1=Konopka |first1=Krzysztof |last2=Mikowski |first2=Mateusz |date=19 March 2023 |title=Tusk: język śląski będzie uznany za język regionalny |url=https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C1550466%2Ctusk-jezyk-slaski-bedzie-uznany-za-jezyk-regionalny.html |publisher=[[Polish Press Agency]]}}</ref> Tusk also declared that he was a regionalist.<ref name="bankier_1"/>