Editing Clanging (section)

== Occurrences in mental disorders ==

Clanging is associated with the irregular thinking apparent in [[psychosis|psychotic]] [[mental illness]]es (e.g. [[mania]] and [[schizophrenia]]).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Peralta |first1=Victor |last2=Cuesta |first2=Manuel J. |last3=de Leon |first3=Jose |date=March 1992 |title=Formal thought disorder in schizophrenia: A factor analytic study |journal=Comprehensive Psychiatry |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=105–110 |doi=10.1016/0010-440X(92)90005-B |pmid=1544294 }}</ref>

=== In schizophrenia ===
Formal Thought Disorders are one of five characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV-TR.<ref name="Radanovic Sousa Valiengo et al 2012"/> FTD symptoms such as Glossomania are correlated to schizophrenia spectrum disorders and to a family history of schizophrenia.<ref name="Radanovic Sousa Valiengo et al 2012"/> In an analysis of speech in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls, Steuber found that glossomania (association chaining) is a characteristic of speech in schizophrenic patients - despite no significant difference between normal controls and individuals with schizophrenia.{{sfn|Steuber|2011|p={{page needed|date=March 2023}}}}

=== In mania/bipolar disorder ===
[[Gustav Aschaffenburg]] found that manic individuals generated these "clang-associations" roughly 10–50 times more than non-manic individuals.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kraepelin |first1=Emil |url=https://archive.org/details/manicdepressivei00krae |title=Manic-depressive insanity and paranoia |date=1921 |publisher=E. & S. Livingstone |location=Edinburgh |page=[https://archive.org/details/manicdepressivei00krae/page/32 32] |isbn=978-0-405-07441-7 |oclc=1027792347 }}</ref> Aschaffenburg also found that the frequency of these associations increased for all individuals as they became more fatigued.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.7551/mitpress/4632.003.0015 |chapter=Semantic Networks |title=The Mind within the Net |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-262-28416-5 |s2cid=242159639 |first1=Manfred |last1=Spitzer }}</ref>

Andreasen found that when comparing Formal Thought Disorder symptoms between people with schizophrenia and people with Mania, that there was greater reported incidence of clang associations of people with mania.<ref name="Andreasen Grove 1986"/>

=== In depression ===
Research investigated by Steuber found no significant difference of glossomania occurrences for patients with schizophrenia compared to patients with [[Major depressive disorder|depression]].{{sfn|Steuber|2011|p={{page needed|date=March 2023}}}}