Editing Clicker training (section)

== Punishment or aversives ==
Clicker training teaches wanted behaviors by rewarding them when they happen, and not using punishments, according to dog trainer [[Jonathan Philip Klein]].<ref name="twsCBS2">{{cite web 
| author= Interview with Jonathan Klein
| date= 2016
| publisher= CBS Local
| url= http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/video/3389487-dog-trainer-jonathan-klein-talks-about-dog-food-truck-tour-in-la/
| title= Dog Trainer Jonathan Klein Talks About Dog Food Truck Tour In LA
| access-date= April 27, 2016
| quote=...(reward-based training)... rather than punishing them ... teaching them that the behavior that we want them to do, there's something in it for them...
}}</ref><ref name="twsZ2it1">{{cite web
| author= Michelle Chance
| date= November 14, 2013
| publisher= Zap2It
| url= http://zap2it.com/2013/11/real-housewives-of-beverly-hills-is-kims-dog-trainer-abusive/
| title= 'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills': Is Kim's dog trainer abusive?
| access-date= April 27, 2016
| quote= ...Award-winning dog trainer and nationally recognized dog behavior consultant Jonathan Klein, .... “Training with force and pain is just plain wrong,” says Klein...
| archive-date= May 21, 2016
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160521014332/http://zap2it.com/2013/11/real-housewives-of-beverly-hills-is-kims-dog-trainer-abusive/
| url-status= dead
}}</ref><ref name="twsParentsMag">{{cite web 
| author= Linda DiProperzio
| date= June 2016
| publisher= Parents Magazine
| url= http://www.parents.com/baby/care/american-baby-how-tos/pet-meets-baby/| title= The Power of Positive Dog Training - Jonathan Klein dog behaviorist
| access-date= June 24, 2016
| quote=...The most common problem we see is the pet acting up because it's not getting the same attention it was used to getting," Klein explains. ... }}</ref>

Clicker training uses almost entirely positive reinforcements. Some clicker trainers use mild corrections such as a "non reward marker"; an "Uh-uh" or "Whoops" to let the dog know that the behaviour is not correct, or corrections such as a "Time out" where attention is removed from the dog.<ref>{{cite web | last =Alexander | first =Melissa| title = "NRMs" No Reward Markers| date =1 July 2003 | url = http://www.clickertraining.com/node/179| access-date = 2 December 2012}}</ref> Alexander continues:

{{Quote|The meaning of 'purely positive' tends to vary according to who is using it. Some clicker trainers use it as a sort of marketing tool, perhaps to indicate that they eschew corrections and attempt to stick with positive reinforcement as much as possible ...

...[T]he term [purely positive] implies that clicker trainers use no aversives. Extinction [i.e. ignoring a behavior and not providing a reward] and negative punishment are both used by clicker trainers, and BOTH are aversive. Extinction is every bit as aversive as punishment, sometimes even more so. All aversives are not created equal. Some are mild and some are severe.

Some [trainers] use NRMs [Non Reward Markers]; some don't. Some say 'No' or make 'buzzer' sounds; some don't. Some use mild physical punishers like sprays of water or citronella or noise-related booby traps; some don't. Some use negative reinforcement in various fashions; some don't. Some use some of the above in real life but not in training.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clickertraining.com/node/988|title=The Myth of 'Purely Positive' |last1=Alexander|first1=Melissa|date=30 December 2006|website=Karen Pryor Clicker Training|publisher=Karen Pryor|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>}}

Some credit trainer Gary Wilkes with introducing clicker training for dogs to the general public, but behavioral psychologist [[Karen Pryor]] was the first to spread the idea with her articles, books (including ''Don't Shoot the Dog'') and seminars.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Wilkes joined Pryor early on before going solo.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Wilkes writes<ref>{{cite web|last1=Morgan|first1=Spector|title=Who Started Clicker Training for Dogs?|url=http://www.clickertraining.com/node/2014|website=Karen Pryor Clicker Training|publisher=Karen Pryor|access-date=26 June 2016|date=1 March 2009}}</ref> that "No method of training is 'all positive.' By scientific definition, the removal of a desired reward is a 'negative punishment.' So, if you ever withhold a treat or use a time-out, by definition, you are a 'negative' trainer who uses 'punishment.{{'"}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.clickandtreat.com/Clicker_Training/GG/GG001/ff001.htm|title=Clicker Training: What it isn't|last1=Wilkes|first1=Gary|website=Gary Wilkes' Click and Treat|publisher=Gary Wilkes|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref> where "negative" indicates that something has been removed and "punishment" merely indicates there has been a reduction in the behavior (unlike the common use of these terms).