Editing Cognitive tutor (section)

=== Four-component architecture ===

[[Intelligent tutoring system|Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS)]] have a four-component architecture: a domain model, a student model, a tutoring model<ref>{{cite journal|author=Self, J.|year=1990|title=Theoretical Foundations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems|journal=Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education |volume=1|issue=4|pages=3–14|citeseerx=10.1.1.53.6841}}</ref> and an interface component.

The domain model contains the rules, concepts, and knowledge related to the domain to be learned. It helps to evaluate students' performance and detect students' errors by setting a standard of domain expertise.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}

The student model, the central component of an ITS, is expected to contain knowledge about the students: their cognitive and affective states, and their progress as they learn. The function of the student model is threefold: to gather data from and about the learner, to represent the learner's knowledge and learning process, and to perform diagnostics of a student's knowledge and select optimal pedagogical strategies.<ref>{{cite book|author=Wenger, E.|year=1987|title=Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems: Computational and Cognitive Approaches to the Communication of Knowledge|url=https://archive.org/details/artificialintell00weng|url-access=registration|publisher=Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.|location=Los Altos|isbn=978-0-934613-26-2}}</ref>

The tutoring model uses the data gained from the domain model and student model to make decisions about tutoring strategies such as whether or not to intervene, or when and how to intervene. Functions of the tutoring model include instruction delivery and content planning.<ref name="Nkambou">{{Cite book |editor=Roger Nkambou |editor2=Jacqueline Bourdeau |editor3=Riichiro Mizoguchi |year=2010|title=Advances in Intelligent Tutoring Systems |page=308|publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-14362-5}}</ref>

The interface component reflects the decisions made by the tutoring model in different forms such as Socratic dialogs, feedback and hints. Students interact with the tutor through the learning interface, also known as communication. The interface provides domain knowledge elements.<ref name="Nkambou"/>