Editing Colitis (section)

==Types==
There are many types of colitis. They are usually classified by the cause.

Types of colitis include:
[[Image:Crypt branching high mag.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Micrograph]] showing [[intestinal crypt]] branching, a [[histopathological]] finding of chronic colitis. [[H&E stain]].]]
[[Image:Collagenous colitis - intermed mag.jpg|thumb|right|[[Micrograph]] of [[collagenous colitis]]. [[H&E stain]].]]
[[Image:Colonic pseudomembranes low mag.jpg|thumb|right|[[Micrograph]] of a [[colon (anatomy)|colonic]] pseudomembrane, as may be seen in [[Clostridioides difficile infection|''Clostridioides difficile'' colitis]], a type of infectious colitis.]]

===Autoimmune===
* [[Inflammatory bowel disease]] (IBD) – a group of chronic colitides.
** [[Ulcerative colitis]] (UC) – a chronic colitis that affects the large intestine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Elghobashy |first1=Maiar |last2=Steed |first2=Helen |date=2024 |title=Ulcerative colitis |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2024.01.001 |journal=Medicine |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=232–237 |doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2024.01.001 |issn=1357-3039|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
** [[Crohn's disease]] (CD) – another type of IBD that often leads to colitis.

===Unknown===
* [[Microscopic colitis]] – a colitis diagnosed by [[Microscopy|microscopic]] examination of colonic tissue; macroscopically ("to the eye") it appears normal.
** [[Lymphocytic colitis]]
** [[Collagenous colitis]]

===Treatment-caused===
* [[Diversion colitis]]
* [[Chemical colitis]]
* Chemotherapy-induced colitis
* [[Radiation colitis]]
* [[Checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis]]

===Vascular disease===
* [[Ischemic colitis]]

===Infectious===
{{anchor|Bacterial colitis|Bacterial}}
* Infectious colitis

A subtype of infectious colitis is [[Clostridioides difficile infection|''Clostridioides difficile'' colitis]],<ref>{{cite web  | title = Clostridium Difficile Colitis – Overview  | publisher = WebMD, LLC  | url = http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/tc/clostridium-difficile-colitis-overview  | access-date = 2006-09-15  | archive-date = 2007-10-16  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071016061526/http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/tc/clostridium-difficile-colitis-overview  | url-status = live  }}</ref> which is informally abbreviated as "C-diff colitis". It classically forms [[wikt:pseudomembrane#Noun|pseudomembranes]] and is often referred to as pseudomembranous colitis, which is its (nonspecific) [[histomorphologic]] description.

[[Enterohemorrhagic]] colitis may be caused by [[Shiga toxin]] in ''[[Shigella dysenteriae]]'' or ''Shigatoxigenic group'' of ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' (STEC), which includes [[serotype]] [[Escherichia coli O157:H7|O157:H7]] and other enterohemorrhagic ''E. coli''.<ref name=Beutin_2006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Beutin L | title = Emerging enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, causes and effects of the rise of a human pathogen | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine. B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health | volume = 53 | issue = 7 | pages = 299–305 | date = September 2006 | pmid = 16930272 | doi = 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00968.x }}</ref>

[[Parasitic]] infections, like those caused by ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'', can also cause colitis.

===Unclassifiable colitides===
''Indeterminate colitis'' is the classification for colitis that has features of both ''Crohn's disease'' and ''ulcerative colitis''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Romano C, Famiani A, Gallizzi R, Comito D, Ferrau' V, Rossi P | title = Indeterminate colitis: a distinctive clinical pattern of inflammatory bowel disease in children | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 122 | issue = 6 | pages = e1278–e1281 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 19047226 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2008-2306 | s2cid = 1409823 }}</ref>  Indeterminate colitis' behaviour is usually closer to ulcerative colitis than Crohn's disease.<ref name=pmid19624520>{{cite journal | vauthors = Melton GB, Kiran RP, Fazio VW, He J, Shen B, Goldblum JR, Achkar JP, Lavery IC, Remzi FH | title = Do preoperative factors predict subsequent diagnosis of Crohn's disease after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative or indeterminate colitis? | journal = Colorectal Disease | volume = 12 | issue = 10 | pages = 1026–1032 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 19624520 | doi = 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02014.x | s2cid = 44406331 }}
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