Editing Collegiate university (section)

===Collegiate universities with centralised teaching===
[[File:St johns rear buildings.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Buildings of [[St John's College, Cambridge]]]]

In many collegiate universities, the teaching is centrally organised through departments and faculties on a university-wide basis. The level of participation in teaching of colleges in such universities varies: they may provide no formal teaching (e.g. Durham), may provide some teaching to their own students (the Oxbridge model), may provide some teaching that is available university or faculty-wide (e.g. Toronto), or may be responsible for delivering centrally organised, university-wide teaching (e.g. Roehampton). Whatever their role in teaching, almost all are residential communities and they will often have their own halls for meals, libraries, sports teams and societies; such colleges are thus sometimes termed [[residential college]]s. [[Monash University]] in Australia has, however, developed a non-residential college model, and [[New York University]] has similar "learning communities" to support non-residential students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collegiateway2014.wordpress.com/2014/07/22/should-a-college-be-residential-or-non-residential/|work=Collegiate Way 2014|publisher=Durham University|title=Should a College be Residential or Non-residential?|date=22 July 2014|author=Gay Perez}}</ref> The specifics of how the collegiate system is organised &ndash; whether college membership is necessary for students, whether colleges are legally independent, the role colleges play in admissions, etc. &ndash; vary widely between different universities.

While the ancient universities of Oxford and Cambridge consist of independent colleges that supplement the university's teaching with their own tutorials, some universities have built colleges that do not provide teaching but still perform much of the housing and social duties. Such colleges are planned, built and funded entirely by the central administration and are thus dependent on it, however they still retain their own administrative structures and have a degree of independence. This system was pioneered at [[Durham University]] in the United Kingdom in the 1830s, and has been described as "a far better model for people at other institutions to look to, than are the independent colleges of Oxford and Cambridge".<ref name="O'Hara Durham"/> This has been widely followed in the US, where the colleges at universities such as Harvard, Yale and Princeton are entirely owned by the central university. Some universities, such as the [[University of Otago]] in New Zealand, [[Durham University]] in the UK and the [[University of Pavia]] in Italy have a mix of independent and university-owned (or, in the case of Pavia, state-owned) colleges.

In many collegiate universities, following the pattern of Oxford and Cambridge, membership of a college is obligatory for students, but in others it is either not necessary or only necessary for students in particular faculties, e.g. at the University of Toronto, where the colleges are all associated with the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.utoronto.ca/academics/academic-units|title=Academic Units|publisher=University of Toronto|access-date=20 August 2017}}</ref>