Editing Congestion pricing (section)

=== Cordon area and area wide ===
{{see also|Electronic Road Pricing (Singapore)|London congestion charge|Stockholm congestion tax|Ecopass|Milan Area C|Gothenburg congestion tax|Congestion pricing in New York City}}

Cordon area congestion pricing is a fee or tax paid by users to enter a restricted area, usually within a city center, as part of a [[Transportation demand management|demand management]] strategy to relieve traffic congestion within that area.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Road Pricing: Congestion Pricing, Value Pricing, Toll Roads and HOT Lanes
 |encyclopedia=TDM Encyclopedia  |date=2007-09-04 |publisher=[[Victoria Transport Policy Institute]] |url=http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm35.htm  |access-date=2008-07-15 }}</ref> The economic rationale for this pricing scheme is based on the [[externalities]] or [[social cost]]s of road transport, such as [[air pollution]], noise, [[traffic accidents]], environmental and urban deterioration, and the extra costs and delays imposed by [[traffic congestion]] upon other drivers when additional users enter a congested road.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Button | first = Kenneth J. | year = 1993 | title = Transport Economics 2nd Edition | publisher = Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, England | isbn = 978-1-85278-523-9 | page = [https://archive.org/details/transporteconomi0000butt/page/153 153] | url = https://archive.org/details/transporteconomi0000butt/page/153 }} ''See 7.3 – Congestion charges''</ref>

[[File:ZTL Rome 04 2016 6064.JPG|thumb|left|Rome's Traffic Limited Zone (ZTL) entry control point with automatic surveillance]]

The first implementation of such a scheme was [[Singapore Area Licensing Scheme]] in 1975, together with a comprehensive package of [[road pricing]] measures, stringent car ownership rules and improvements in mass transit.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Small, Kenneth A. |author2=Verhoef, Erik T. | year = 2007 | title = The Economics of Urban Transportation | publisher = Routledge, England| isbn = 978-0-415-28515-5 | page = 148 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.move-forum.net/documenti/B_06032003170931.pdf | title=Road pricing Singapore's experience | author = Chin Kian Keong | date=2002-10-23 | publisher = Third Seminar of the IMPRINT-EUROPE Thematic Network: "Implementing Reform on Transport Pricing: Constraints and solutions: learning from best practice" | access-date=2008-07-15|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080627154820/http://www.move-forum.net/documenti/B_06032003170931.pdf |archive-date = June 27, 2008}}</ref> Thanks to technological advances in [[electronic toll collection]], electronic detection, and video surveillance technology, collecting congestion fees has become easier. [[Electronic Road Pricing (Singapore)|Singapore]] upgraded its system in 1998,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lta.gov.sg/motoring_matters/index_motoring_erp.htm | title= Electronic Road Pricing | publisher = Land Transport Authority (Singapore). Website official | access-date=2008-04-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410143342/http://www.lta.gov.sg/motoring_matters/index_motoring_erp.htm <!--Added by H3llBot--> | archive-date=2008-04-10}}</ref> and similar pricing schemes were implemented in [[Transport in Rome#Motor Traffic Limited Zone (ZTL)|Rome]] in 2001,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.progress-project.org/Progress/rome.html | title=The history of Limited Access Zones in Rome | publisher=PRoGR€SS Project | access-date=2013-04-13 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309210332/http://www.progress-project.org/Progress/rome.html | archive-date=2008-03-09 }}</ref> [[London congestion charge|London]] in 2003 with extensions in 2007; [[Stockholm congestion tax|Stockholm]] in 2006, as a seven-month trial, and then on a permanent basis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____17154.aspx |title=Congestion tax in Stockholm |author=Swedish Road Administration |date=2007-08-21 |access-date=2008-07-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302045327/http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____17154.aspx |archive-date=2007-03-02 }}</ref> In January 2008 [[Milan]] began a one-year trial program called [[Ecopass]], charging low emission standard vehicles and exempting cleaner and [[alternative fuel vehicle]]s.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/automobiles/27GREEN.html  | title=Toll Discounts for Going Green  | author = Ken Belson | date=2008-01-27 | work =The New York Times  | access-date=2008-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7167992.stm  | title=Milan introduces traffic charge  | author = BBC News | date=2008-03-02 | access-date=2008-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article3123679.ece | title=Congestion fee leaves Milan in a jam | author =Richard Owen | date=2008-01-03 | newspaper = Times Online | access-date=2008-04-16 | location=London}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The Ecopass program was extended until December 31, 2011,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comune.milano.it/dseserver/webcity/comunicati.nsf/weball/077F561DB4A21D98C125752F004CDE33 |title=Ecopass. Prorogato fino al 31 dicembre 2009. Nei primi mesi dell'anno prevista la consultazione dei cittadini|author =Edoardo Croci | date=2008-12-31 | publisher = Comune di Milano | access-date=2009-02-14|language=it}}The complete pricing scheme is presented in this article.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comune.milano.it/dseserver/ecopass/index.html|title=Official Ecopass page|publisher=Comune Milano|access-date=2011-11-02|language=it}}</ref> and on January 16, 2012, was replaced by [[Milan Area C|Area C]], a trial program that converted the scheme from a pollution-charge to a congestion charge.<ref name=corriere1>{{cite news|title=Area C è partita: calate del 40% le auto in centro dopo l'entrata in vigore del pedaggio|trans-title=Area C takes off: auto traffic decreased 40% in the center after the toll goes into force|language=it|url=http://milano.corriere.it/milano/notizie/cronaca/12_gennaio_16/congestion-primo-giorno-traffico-1902875137709.shtml|access-date=2012-01-16|newspaper=Corriere della Sera Milano|date=2012-01-16}}</ref> The [[Gothenburg congestion tax]] was implemented in January 2013 and it was modeled after the Stockholm scheme.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transportstyrelsen.se/Global/Vag/Trangselskatt/Information%20p%C3%A5%20engelska.pdf |title=Congestion Tax Gothenburg |author=Swedish Transport Agency |publisher=Transport Styrelsen |access-date=2013-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213163049/http://www.transportstyrelsen.se/Global/Vag/Trangselskatt/Information%20p%C3%A5%20engelska.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-13 }}</ref>

Singapore and Stockholm charge a congestion fee every time a user crosses the cordon area, while London charges a daily fee for any vehicle driving in a public road within the congestion charge zone, regardless of how many times the user crosses the cordon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/roadusers/congestioncharge/whereandwhen/#section-2 |author=Transport for London |title=Congestion charging home page |access-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403045834/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/roadusers/congestioncharge/whereandwhen/#section-2 |archive-date=2008-04-03 }}</ref> Stockholm has put a cap on the maximum daily tax,<ref name="roadadm-stockholm-congestion-tax">{{cite web|title=Congestion tax in Stockholm home page |author=Swedish Road Administration |url=http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____17154.aspx |access-date=2008-07-15 |language=sv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302045327/http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____17154.aspx |archive-date=2007-03-02 }}</ref> while in Singapore the charge is based on a pay-as-you-use principle, and rates are set based on traffic conditions at the pricing points, and reviewed on a quarterly basis. Through this policy, the [[Land Transport Authority]] (LTA) reports that the electronic road pricing "has been effective in maintaining an optimal speed range of 45 to 65&nbsp;km/h for expressways and 20 to 30&nbsp;km/h for arterial roads".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.lta.gov.sg/motoring_matters/index_motoring_erp.htm | author= Land Transport Authority |title= Electronic Road Pricing, LTA home page | access-date=2008-04-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404032628/http://www.lta.gov.sg/motoring_matters/index_motoring_erp.htm <!--Added by H3llBot--> | archive-date=2008-04-04 }}</ref>

==== Singapore ====
{{main article|Electronic Road Pricing}}
[[File:Singapore's ERP gantry.jpg|thumb|Automatic tolling gantry of Singapore's [[Electronic Road Pricing]] scheme]]

In an effort to improve the pricing mechanism, and, to introduce real-time [[variable pricing]],<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/16/automobiles/16CONGEST.html?ex=1363320000&en=66db1c235736c7ea&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss| author=Ken Belson  |title= Importing a Decongestant for Midtown Streets | work=The New York Times|date=2008-03-16 | access-date=2008-04-06 }}</ref>
Singapore's [[Land Transport Authority|LTA]] together with [[IBM]], ran a pilot from December 2006 to April 2007, with a [[Traffic estimation and prediction system|traffic estimation and prediction tool]] (TrEPS), which uses historical traffic data and real-time feeds with flow conditions from several sources, in order to predict the levels of congestion up to an hour in advance. By accurately estimating prevailing and emerging traffic conditions, this technology is expected to allow variable pricing, together with improved overall traffic management, including the provision of information in advance to alert drivers about conditions ahead, and the prices being charged at that moment.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.planetizen.com/node/26091 | publisher= PLANETIZEN  |title= Predicting Where The Traffic Will Flow | access-date=2008-04-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/21971.wss | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070901091248/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/21971.wss | url-status=dead | archive-date=September 1, 2007 | publisher= IBM Press release |title= IBM and Singapore's Land Transport Authority Pilot Innovative Traffic Prediction Tool | date=2007-08-01 | access-date=2008-07-15 }}</ref>

In 2010 the Land Transport Authority began exploring the potential of [[Global Navigation Satellite System]] as a technological option for a second generation ERP. LTA objective is to evaluate if the latest technologies available in the market today are accurate and effective enough for use as a congestion charging tool, especially taking into consideration the dense urban environment in Singapore. Implementation of such system is not expected in the short term.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1066660/1/.html|title=Satellite navigation ERP and electric cars possible on future road system|author=Channel NewsAsia|publisher=CNA|date=2010-06-10|access-date=2012-01-02|author-link=Channel NewsAsia|archive-date=2010-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701192138/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1066660/1/.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== London ====
{{main article|London congestion charge}}
[[File:London Congestion Charge, Old Street, England.jpg|thumb|right|At Old Street, street markings and a sign (inset) with the white-on-red C alert drivers to the congestion charge, [[London]].]]
A proposal by former Mayor of London [[Ken Livingstone]] would have resulted in a new pricing structure based on potential CO<sub>2</sub> emission rates by October 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=CO<sub>2</sub> charging |author=Transport for London
 |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/roadusers/congestioncharging/7394.aspx |access-date=2008-04-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080403045509/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/roadusers/congestioncharging/7394.aspx |archive-date = April 3, 2008 }}</ref>  Livingstone's successor as Mayor of London, [[Boris Johnson]], announced in July 2008 that the new CO<sub>2</sub> charging structure will no longer be implemented.<ref name="BBOct08">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7494495.stm| title=Mayor quashes £25 C-charge hike |work=BBC News |date=2008-07-08|access-date=2008-08-16}}</ref> Johnson decided to remove the 2007 Western Extension from the congestion charging zone beginning on January 4, 2011, to increase the basic charge to {{£|10}}, and also to introduce an automated payment system called Congestion Charging Auto Pay (CC Auto Pay), which will charge vehicles based on the number of charging days a vehicle travels within the charging zone each month, and the drivers of these vehicles will pay a reduced {{£|9}} daily charge.<ref name=TfL2011>{{cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/roadusers/congestioncharging/17094.aspx|title=Consultation results|publisher=[[Transport for London]]|access-date=2010-12-06}}</ref> In November 2012 [[Transport for London]] (TfL) presented a proposal to abolish the Greener Vehicle Discount,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-20400740|title=Congestion charge greener vehicles rule change planned|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2012-12-11|access-date=2012-11-20}}</ref> and the Ultra Low Emission Discount (ULED) went into effect on 1 July 2013, limiting the free access to the congestion charge zone to selected vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2013/04/uled-20130424.html|title=London to introduce new Ulta Low Emission Discount for Congestion Charge scheme; countering dieselization|publisher=[[Green Car Congress]]|date=2013-04-24|access-date=2013-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/apr/24/pollution|title=London tightens up congestion charge in attempt to drive out diesel |work=[[The Guardian]]|date=2013-04-24|access-date=2013-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-23125082|title=New green discount for the congestion charge comes in|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2013-07-01|access-date=2013-07-02}}</ref> There has been criticism because during the first ten years since the scheme was implemented, gross revenue reached about £2.6&nbsp;billion, but only £1.2&nbsp;billion has been invested, meaning that 54% of gross revenues have been spent in operating the system and administrative expenses.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/congestion-charge-has-cost-drivers-26bn-in-decade-but-failed-to-cut-traffic-jams-8496627.html|title=Congestion Charge 'has cost drivers £2.6bn in decade but failed to cut traffic jams' |author=Ross Lydall |work=[[London Evening Standard]]|date=2013-02-15|access-date=2015-02-15}}</ref>

A new toxicity charge, known as T-charge was introduced from 23 October 2017. Older and more polluting cars and vans that do not meet [[European emission standards#Toxic emission: stages and legal framework|Euro 4 standards]] will have to pay an extra £10 charge within the Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ).<ref name=TCharge>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/17/london-to-introduce-vehicle-pollution-charge-in-october-says-mayor-sadiq-khan |title=London to introduce £10 vehicle pollution charge, says Sadiq Khan | first=Rowena |last=Mason | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=2017-02-17 | access-date=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref name=TCharge02>{{cite news | url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/car-news/consumer-news/95559/london-introduces-new-10-t-charge-to-cut-vehicle-pollution |title=London introduces new £10 'T-charge' to cut vehicle pollution | first= Martin |last=Saarinen | work=[[Auto Express]] | date=2017-02-17 | access-date=2017-02-24 }}</ref>  On 8 April 2019, the T-charge was expanded into the [[Ultra Low Emission Zone]] (ULEZ).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-47815117|title=London's new pollution charge begins|date=2019-04-08|access-date=2019-04-08|language=en-GB}}</ref>

[[File:Milan Area C Porta Ticinese gate trimmed.jpg|thumb|200px|Entrance to [[Milan Area C]]]]

==== Milan ====
{{main article|Ecopass|Milan Area C}}

The Ecopass pollution charge ended on December 31, 2011, and was replaced by the [[Milan Area C|Area C]] scheme, which went into effect on January 16, 2012, initially as an 18-month pilot program. The Area C scheme is a conventional congestion pricing scheme and is based on the same Ecopass geographic area. Vehicles entering the charging zone incur a charge of {{euro|5}} regardless of their pollution level. However, residents inside the area have 40 free entries per year and then a discounted charge of {{euro|2}}.<ref name=corriere1/><ref>{{cite news|title=Pisapia lancia l'operazione Area C l'obiettivo: -20 per cento di traffico|url=http://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2011/12/18/news/pisapia_lancia_l_operazione_area_c_l_obiettivo_-20_per_cento_di_traffico-26795304/|access-date=2012-01-02|newspaper=Corriere della Sera Milano|date=2011-12-18|language=it}}</ref><ref name=AreaC/> [[Electric vehicle]]s, public utility vehicles, police and emergency vehicles, buses and taxis are exempted from the charge. [[Hybrid electric vehicle|Hybrid electric]] and [[bi-fuel]] [[natural gas vehicle]]s ([[CNG]] and [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]]) were exempted until January 1, 2013, Exemption has been postponed until December 31, 2016.<ref name=AreaC>{{cite web|title=Congestion charge Milano: Area C, tariffe, divieti, esenti|url=http://sostenibile.blogosfere.it/2011/12/area-c-milano-divieti-regole-e-la-lista-degli-esenti.html|author=Rosario Mastrosimone|publisher=Sostenibile|date=2011-12-27|access-date=2012-01-02|language=it|archive-date=2012-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110085750/http://sostenibile.blogosfere.it/2011/12/area-c-milano-divieti-regole-e-la-lista-degli-esenti.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The scheme was made permanent in March 2013. All net earnings from Area C are invested to promote [[sustainable mobility]] and policies to reduce [[air pollution]], including the redevelopment, protection and development of [[public transport]], "soft mobility" (pedestrians, [[cycling]], [[Zone 30]]) and systems to rationalize the distribution of goods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comune.milano.it/dseserver/webcity/comunicati.nsf/weball/02715EEE0A5B23ADC1257B3B0065658E|title=Area C. Istituita la congestion charge definitiva|language=it|trans-title=Area C. The congestion charge was made permanent|author=Comune di Milano|publisher=Comune di Milano|date=2013-03-17|access-date=2013-10-19}}</ref>

====Stockholm====
{{main article|Stockholm congestion tax}}
[[File:Automatic tollstation at Lilla Essingen Stockholm.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Automatic detection system at [[Stockholm]]'s first electronic gantry at [[Lilla Essingen]]]]

On 1 January 2016, congestion taxes were increased in the inner-city parts of [[Stockholm]], and also the congestion tax was introduced on [[Essingeleden]] [[motorway]]. This was the first increase of the tax since it was introduced permanently in 2007.<ref name=Stockholm2016/><ref name=Swedish012016>{{cite news | url=http://www.svd.se/hojd-och-ny-trangselavgift-ger-effekt | title=Höjd och ny trängselavgift ger effekt | language=sv |trans-title=Increase and new congestion charge gives effect | work=[[Svenska Dagbladet]] | date=2016-01-12 | access-date=2016-06-24}}</ref>

The congestion tax is being introduced at the access and exit ramps of two [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s on Essingeleden in order to reduce traffic jams in peak periods, and with shorter traffic jams on Essingeleden, the surrounding roads are expected to have shorter tailbacks. The transport agencies involved expected to reduce traffic on Essingeleden by some 10% in peak hours.<ref name=Stockholm2016/> One week after the tax began to be charged, traffic on the motorway had decreased by 22% compared to a normal day in mid-December.<ref name=Swedish012016/>

The tax increase was implemented not only to improve accessibility and the environment, but also to help develop the infrastructure. The additional funds will contribute to finance the extension of the [[Stockholm metro]].<ref name=Stockholm2016>{{cite web| url=https://www.transportstyrelsen.se/globalassets/global/vag/trangselskatt/congestion-tax-a4.pdf | title=On 1 January 2016, congestion taxes in Stockholm will be raised and congestion tax will be levied on Essingeleden | author=[[Swedish Transport Administration|Trafikverket (Swedish Transport Administration)]] and [[Swedish Transport Agency|Transportstyrelsen (Swedish Transport Agency)]] |publisher=Transportstyrelsen | year=2015 | access-date=2016-06-29}}</ref> As the Stockholm congestion tax varies by time of the day, the highest increase took place at the two busiest rush hour periods, 7:30 to 8:29, and 16:00 to 17:29, from SEK 20 to SEK 30. The objective was to steer the traffic towards other times of the day and public transport, and in this way reduce congestion in the Inner City area. Also the maximum amount levied was raised to SEK 105 per day and vehicle.<ref name=Stockholm2016/>

==== Norway ====
{{See also|Toll roads in Norway}}
Several cities in Norway have tolled entrances to the more central urban areas, the first being [[Bergen]] in 1986.
Starting with Trondheim in 2010, later in Kristiansand, Bergen and Oslo, time differing fees were introduced, so that rush hours (in Oslo 06.30 – 09.00 and 15.00 – 17.00) cost more. The price is (in 2020) typically NOK 28 (€2.37) per passage, but to enter Oslo to the inner city and leave means passing five stations which costs NOK 126 (€10,66).
[[File:NYC CRZ Sign.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Congestion Relief Zone sign in [[Manhattan]]]]

====New York City====
{{See also|Congestion pricing in New York City}}
Congestion pricing in New York City was implemented in 2025. Most vehicles entering [[Manhattan]] south of [[60th Street (Manhattan)|60th Street]] are charged a fee that varies throughout the day.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hu |first1=Winnie |last2=Ley |first2=Ana |date=January 5, 2025 |title=New York City Welcomes Congestion Pricing With Fanfare and Complaints |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/05/nyregion/nyc-congestion-pricing-tolls.html |access-date=January 8, 2025 |website=The New York Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bridge |first=Rowan |date=January 5, 2025 |title=New York becomes first US city with congestion charge |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjr2wn3zvqvo |access-date=January 8, 2025 |website=BBC Home}}</ref>

==== Old town centres ====
{{See also|Durham City congestion charge}}

Around [[Europe]] several relatively small cities, such as [[Durham, England|Durham]], England;<ref>{{cite news |title=Local welcome for congestion charge | date=2002-10-01 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2289692.stm | work =BBC| access-date = 2007-04-27}}</ref> [[Znojmo]], Czech Republic;<ref name="Znojmo">{{cite web |author=European Local Transport Information Service (ELTIS) |date=2007 |url=http://www.eltis.org/study_sheet.phtml?study_id=1560&lang1=en |title=Inner city access restriction for substainable mobility for inhabitants and tourists (Znojmo, Czech Republic) |access-date=2008-03-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907033339/http://www.eltis.org/study_sheet.phtml?study_id=1560&lang1=en |archive-date=2009-09-07 }}</ref> [[Riga]], Latvia;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/latvia/727319/Riga-Weekend-to-remember.html|author=Helen Pickles |title=Riga: Weekend to remember|date=2003-04-22|publisher=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2013-04-13}}</ref> and [[Valletta]], Malta,<ref>[http://www.cva.gov.mt/ Controlled Vehicular Access] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306095431/http://www.cva.gov.mt/ |date=2012-03-06 }}, CVA Technology, 1 May 2007</ref><ref name="valleta">{{cite web| url=http://www.maltamedia.com/artman2/publish/govt_politics/article_1745.shtml|title= Valletta traffic congestion considerably reduced|date= 2007-05-06|publisher=MaltaMedia News|access-date=2008-07-15}}</ref> have implemented congestion pricing to reduce traffic crowding, parking problems and pollution, particularly during the peak tourism season.

[[Durham City congestion charge|Durham]] introduced charges in October 2002, reducing vehicle traffic by 85% after a year; prior to this 3,000 daily vehicles had shared the streets with 17,000 pedestrians.<ref name="countypress">{{cite news |title=Country's First Congestion Charge is a Year Old Tomorrow | date=2003-09-30 | url =http://www.durham.gov.uk/durhamcc/pressrel.nsf/vweb/0E6AAA7F1E29973880256DB1002FFB5B?opendocument | work =Durham County Council | access-date = 2008-07-15|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071007090419/http://www.durham.gov.uk/durhamcc/pressrel.nsf/vweb/0E6AAA7F1E29973880256DB1002FFB5B?opendocument |archive-date = October 7, 2007}}</ref>

[[Valletta#Transport|Valletta]] has reduced daily vehicles entering the city from 10,000 to 7,900; making 400 readily available parking places in the center. There has been a 60% drop in car stays by non-residents of more than eight hours, but there has been a marked increase of 34% in non-residential cars visiting the city for an hour or less.<ref name="valleta"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eltis.org/study_sheet.phtml?study_id=1610&comments=1|title=Controlled Vehicle Access, Valleta, Malta|author=European Local Transport Information Service (ELTIS)|access-date=2008-04-05|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907033346/http://www.eltis.org/study_sheet.phtml?study_id=1610&comments=1|archive-date=2009-09-07}}</ref>

==== Rejected proposals ====
{{see also|Congestion charging in Greater Manchester|Edinburgh congestion charge|Electronic Road Pricing (Hong Kong)}} 

[[File:Manchester Congestion Charge.png|thumb|right|A map of [[Greater Manchester]] highlighting area of the rejected congestion charging scheme]]
[[Hong Kong]] conducted a pilot test on an [[Electronic Road Pricing (Hong Kong)|electronic congestion pricing]] system between 1983 and 1985 with positive results.<ref>[http://www.econ.hku.hk/~timhau/electronic_road_pricing.pdf Electronic road pricing. Developments in Hong Kong 1983–1986]</ref>  However, public opposition against this policy stalled its permanent implementation.

In 2002 [[Edinburgh congestion charge|Edinburgh]], United Kingdom, initiated an implementation process; a [[referendum]] was conducted in 2005,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4239507.stm |title=Edinburgh to decide on road tolls |access-date=2008-07-15 |date=2005-02-07 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |work=BBC News}}</ref> with a majority of 74.4% rejecting the proposal.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4287145.stm |title=Edinburgh rejects congestion plan |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |work=BBC News |date=2005-02-22 |access-date=2008-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ |title=Edinburgh votes on £2 road toll |first=Auslan |last=Cramb |date=2005-02-08 |access-date=2007-12-02 |work=The Daily Telegraph |archive-date=2007-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308092408/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F03%2F06%2Fwhurley106.xml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Councils from across the [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] in the United Kingdom, including [[Birmingham]] and [[Coventry]], rejected the idea of imposing congestion pricing schemes on the area in 2008, despite promises from central government of transport project funding in exchange for the implementation of a road pricing pilot scheme.<ref name="bbc_20080305">{{cite news |title=Road pricing proposals rejected  |date=2008-03-05 |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/7278713.stm |access-date=2008-04-08}}</ref>

In 2007, [[New York congestion pricing|New York City]] shelved a proposal for a three-year pilot program for implementation in [[Manhattan]],<ref name="NYT0207">{{cite news | author = Daniel Gross|date = 2007-02-17|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/11/business/yourmoney/11view.html?_r=2&oref=slogin&oref=slogin|title= What's the Toll? It Depends on the Time of Day|work=The New York Times|access-date=2008-07-15|author-link = Daniel Gross (journalist)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Danny Hakim |author2=Nicholas Confessore |date= 2007-07-17|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/17/nyregion/17congestion.html|title= Albany Rebuffs City Traffic Plan|work= The New York Times|access-date=2008-07-15}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/report_transportation.pdf A Greener, Greater New York PLANYC 2030. Transportation Report] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703111917/http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/report_transportation.pdf |date=2007-07-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Transportation Alternatives|url=http://www.transalt.org/campaigns/congestion|title=Congestion Pricing|access-date=2008-03-01|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305132512/http://www.transalt.org/campaigns/congestion|archive-date=2008-03-05}}</ref> and a new proposition was denied in 2008,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/04/07/congestion-pricing-plan-is-dead-assembly-speaker-says/index.html?hp|title=Congestion Pricing Plan Is Dead, Assembly Speaker Says|work=The New York Times|author=Nicholas Confessore|date=2008-04-07|access-date=2008-04-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411004333/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/04/07/congestion-pricing-plan-is-dead-assembly-speaker-says/index.html?hp|archive-date=2008-04-11}}</ref> with potential federal grants of {{USD|354 million}} being reallocated to other American cities.<ref>{{cite web|author=Henry Goldman |title=New York Council Approves Manhattan Traffic Fees  |date=2008-04-01|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?sid=at9mizGXi7y4&pid=20601103 |publisher=Bloomberg.com |access-date=2008-04-02}}</ref><ref name="NYT0408">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/08/nyregion/08congest.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5088&en=6327902f9d5026b0&ex=1365393600&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |author= Nicholas Confessore |date=2008-04-08 | title=$8 Traffic Fee for Manhattan Gets Nowhere | work = The New York Times | access-date = 2008-04-08 }}</ref>

[[Manchester congestion charge|Greater Manchester]], United Kingdom, was considering a scheme with two cordons, one covering the main urban core of the [[Greater Manchester Urban Area]] and another covering the [[Manchester city centre]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1007/1007736_ccharge_details_revealed.html |title=C-charge details revealed |first=Alan |last=Salter |work=Manchester Evening News |publisher=M.E.N. Media Ltd |date=2007-05-05 |access-date=2008-07-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708232606/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1007/1007736_ccharge_details_revealed.html |archive-date=2008-07-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/jul/27/communities.environment |title=Manchester makes move towards congestion charge |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |date=2007-07-27 |access-date=2008-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/articles/2007/01/24/240106_road_pricing_feature.shtml |title=Traffic Congestion charging: FAQs |publisher=BBC Manchester |access-date=2008-07-15}}</ref> The measure was supported by the government,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1053238_kelly_paves_way_for_ccharge|title=Kelly paves way for c-charge|author=David Ottewell |newspaper=Manchester Evening News|date=2008-06-09|access-date=2008-06-27}}</ref> but three local authorities rejected it ([[Metropolitan Borough of Bury|Bury]], [[Trafford]] and [[Metropolitan Borough of Stockport|Stockport]]); the support of two-thirds of Manchester's 10 local councils was needed for it to be implemented.<ref name="bbc20080109">{{cite news |title=Council to vote on road pricing |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/7178458.stm |date=2008-01-09 |access-date=2008-04-03 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |work=BBC News}}</ref> A comprehensive transport investment package for Manchester, which included the congestion pricing element, was released for further public consultation and was to be subject of a referendum in December 2008.<ref>{{cite web
 |title=Greater Manchester TIF package unlocks up to £3 billion of investment 
 |url=http://www.gmpte.com/content.cfm?subcategory_id=103073&news_id=6042551 
 |date=2008-09-06 
 |access-date=2008-07-07 
 |publisher=Greater Manchester Public Transport Entity 
 |work=GMPTE 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116114401/http://www.gmpte.com/content.cfm?subcategory_id=103073 
 |archive-date=2008-11-16 
}}</ref> On 12 December 2008 the scheme was overwhelmingly rejected by 10 out of 10 councils by a public referendum.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/7778110.stm |title=Voters reject congestion charge |publisher=BBC |date=2008-12-12 |access-date=2008-12-12}}</ref>

==== Current proposals ====
{{See also|San Francisco congestion pricing}}
[[File:Golden Gate Bridge Front Traffic.jpeg|thumb|Traffic entering [[San Francisco]] through the [[Golden Gate Bridge]].]]
<!--Country/cases listed in chronological order.-->

===== United States =====

In August 2007, the [[United States Department of Transportation]] selected five metropolitan areas to initiate congestion pricing demonstration projects under the [[Urban Partnerships Congestion Initiative]], for US$1&nbsp;billion of federal funding.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.upa.dot.gov/index.htm| title=Urban Partnerships |publisher = U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=2008-06-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080628162520/http://www.upa.dot.gov/index.htm |archive-date = June 28, 2008}}</ref>  The five projects under this initiative are [[Golden Gate Bridge]] in [[San Francisco]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upa.dot.gov/agreements/sanfrancisco.htm|title=San Francisco Urban Partnership Agreement|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=2008-06-20|archive-date=2008-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807161518/http://www.upa.dot.gov/agreements/sanfrancisco.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Washington State Route 520|State Route 520]] serving downtown [[Seattle]] and communities to its east,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upa.dot.gov/agreements/seattle.htm |title=Seattle (Lake Washington) Urban Partnership Agreement |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=2008-06-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807161601/http://www.upa.dot.gov/agreements/seattle.htm |archive-date=August 7, 2008 }}</ref> Interstate 95 between [[Miami]] and [[Ft. Lauderdale]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.upa.dot.gov/agreements/miami.htm| title=Miami Urban Partnership Agreement|publisher = U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=2008-06-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080503024205/http://www.upa.dot.gov/agreements/miami.htm |archive-date = May 3, 2008}}</ref> Interstate 35W serving downtown [[Minneapolis]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upa.dot.gov/agreements/minneapolis.htm |title=Minneapolis Urban Partnership Agreement |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=2008-06-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807161643/http://www.upa.dot.gov/agreements/minneapolis.htm |archive-date=August 7, 2008 }}</ref> and a variable rate parking meter system in [[Chicago]] plus [[Metro ExpressLanes]] in Los Angeles County, which replaced New York City after it left the program in 2008.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/04/29/chicago-gets-new-yorks-congestion-money/?scp=1-b&sq=congestion+pricing+Chicago&st=nyt|title=Chicago Gets New York's Congestion Money|date=2008-04-29|access-date=2008-06-20|author=Jennifer Lee|work=The New York Times}}</ref>

[[San Francisco]] transport authorities began a feasibility study in 2006 to evaluate the introduction of congestion pricing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfcta.org/content/view/468/288/ |publisher=[[San Francisco County Transportation Authority]] |title=Mobility, Access and Pricing Study |access-date=2010-06-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614065454/http://www.sfcta.org/content/view/468/288/ |archive-date=2009-06-14 }}</ref><ref name="SFMobP01">{{cite web|url=http://www.sfcta.org/images/stories/Planning/CongestionPricingFeasibilityStudy/PDFs/mobility_factsheet_v3.pdf|publisher=[[San Francisco County Transportation Authority]]|title=Mobility, Access and Pricing Study (MAPS) Fact Sheet|access-date=2010-06-21}} ''Available for download''</ref> The charge would be combined with other traffic reduction implementations, allowing money to be raised for public transit improvements and bike and pedestrian enhancements.<ref>{{cite news|author=Rachael Gordon | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/09/19/MNKJS8LM4.DTL | title=S.F. studying congestion pricing to ease traffic, promote transit |newspaper = San Francisco Chronicle |date=2007-09-19|access-date=2008-07-15}}</ref> The initial pricing scenarios were presented in public meetings conducted in December 2008,<ref name="NYTimes01_09">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/04/us/04congestion.html|title=San Francisco Studies Fees to Ease Traffic|work=The New York Times|author=Malia Wollan|date=2009-01-04|access-date=2009-02-22}}</ref> and the final study results were announced in November 2010, proposing modified alternatives based on the public's feedbacks, and the updated proposal calls for implementing a six-month to one-year trial in 2015.<ref name=SFG1111>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/S-F-may-hit-drivers-with-variety-of-tolls-3246294.php|title=S.F. may hit drivers with variety of tolls|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|author=Rachel Gordon|date=2010-11-11|access-date=2010-12-05}}</ref><ref name=ABC1110>{{cite news|url=https://abc7news.com/archive/7779319/|title=SF considers downtown congestion pricing|work=ABC7 News San Francisco|author=Heather Ishimaru|date=2010-11-10|access-date=2010-12-05|archive-date=2011-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629050131/http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=resources/traffic&id=7779319|url-status=live}}</ref> {{update inline|date=April 2019}}

Governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] reintroduced a [[Congestion pricing in New York City|congestion pricing proposal for New York City]] in 2017 in response to the [[New York City Subway]]'s [[History of the New York City Subway#2017 state of emergency|state of emergency]], a proposal that Mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] opposed. A commission to investigate the feasibility of congestion pricing, organized in late 2017, found that a congestion pricing scheme could benefit New York City.<ref name="NYT: Whose Time">{{Cite news |last1=Santora |first1=Marc |title=Cuomo Calls Manhattan Traffic Plan an Idea 'Whose Time Has Come' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 13, 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/13/nyregion/cuomo-rethinks-opposition-to-tolls-to-ease-manhattan-traffic.html |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/21/nyregion/de-blasio-congestion-pricing.html|title=Mayor de Blasio Says He 'Does Not Believe' in Congestion Pricing|last=Goodman|first=J. David|date=August 21, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 23, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/28/nyregion/congestion-pricing-new-york.html|title=New York's Tilt Toward Congestion Pricing Was Years in the Making|last=Hu|first=Winnie|date=November 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 30, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last1=Dwyer | first1=Jim | last2=Hu | first2=Winnie | title=Driving a Car in Manhattan Could Cost $11.52 Under Congestion Plan | newspaper=The New York Times | date=2018-01-19 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/nyregion/driving-manhattan-congestion-traffic.html }}</ref> Cuomo's congestion pricing plan was approved in March 2019, though congestion pricing in New York City would not go into effect until 2022 at the earliest. New York City's congestion pricing zone will be the first in North America.<ref name="Griswold 2019">{{cite web | last=Griswold | title=New York's congestion pricing will make it more expensive to drive in Manhattan | website=Quartz | date=March 31, 2019 | url=https://qz.com/1584287/new-yorks-congestion-pricing-will-make-it-more-expensive-to-drive-in-manhattan/ | access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref name="curbed 20190401">{{cite web | last=Plitt | first=Amy | title=NYC poised to implement the country's first congestion pricing program | website=Curbed NY | date=March 1, 2019 | url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/1/18290323/nyc-traffic-congestion-pricing-state-budget | access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Congestion pricing passes without key details | website=am New York | date=March 1, 2019 | url=https://www.amny.com/transit/mta-congestion-pricing-cuomo-1.29209432 | access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref> The [[Federal Highway Administration]] gave its final approval on June 26, 2023, allowing the MTA to begin setting toll rates for the proposed congestion zone. Implementation was scheduled for 30 June 2024,<ref name="nyt-2023-06-26">{{Cite news |last=Ley |first=Ana |date=2023-06-26 |title=Congestion Pricing Plan in New York City Clears Final Federal Hurdle |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/26/nyregion/nyc-congestion-pricing.html |access-date=2023-06-27 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Simko-Bednarski 2023 j706">{{cite web |last=Simko-Bednarski |first=Evan |date=June 26, 2023 |title=NYC's congestion pricing clears last hurdle as feds give final sign-off |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-congestion-pricing-new-york-city-department-transportation-20230626-f2zf7bvu3vgkdgutxlwf3dx3ia-story.html |access-date=June 27, 2023 |website=New York Daily News}}</ref> but in an announcement by Governor Kathy Hochul on 5 June 2024, the plan was indefinitely postponed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=Congestion pricing in New York City postponed, official says |url=https://abc7ny.com/post/congestion-pricing-nyc-kathy-hochul-start-delay/14912968/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=ABC7 New York }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ashford|first=Grace|date=2024-06-05|title=Hochul Halts Congestion Pricing in a Stunning 11th-Hour Shift|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/05/nyregion/congestion-pricing-pause-hochul.html|access-date=2024-06-05|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In November 2024, Hochul announced an intent for the toll to go forward with a planned implementation on 5 January 2025, at a reduced rate.<ref name="nyt-2024-11-13">{{cite web |last1=Fitzsimmons |first1=Emma G. |last2=Ashford |first2=Grace |last3=Hu |first3=Winnie |date=November 13, 2024 |title=New York to Revive Congestion Pricing With $9 Toll |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/13/nyregion/congestion-pricing-nine-dollars.html |access-date=November 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last1=Hoogensen |first1=Finn |last2=Mannarino |first2=Dan |last3=Mocker |first3=Greg |date=November 13, 2024 |title=New NYC congestion pricing plan to reduce toll: sources |url=https://pix11.com/news/local-news/new-nyc-congestion-pricing-plan-to-be-announced-sources/ |access-date=November 14, 2024 |website=PIX11 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last1=Bergin |first1=Brigid |last2=Kim |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Nessen |first3=Stephen |last4=Campbell |first4=Jon |date=November 13, 2024 |title=Gov. Hochul to relaunch congestion pricing with $9 base toll, sources say |url=https://gothamist.com/news/hochul-to-relaunch-congestion-pricing-with-9-base-toll-sources |access-date=November 14, 2024 |website=Gothamist}}</ref>

===== China =====

[[File:Beijing pollution.jpg|thumb|Severe air pollution in [[Beijing]]. Motor vehicle emissions account for 31% of the city's smog sources.<ref name=Beijing2015/>]]

In September 2011, local officials announced plans to introduce congestion pricing in [[Beijing]]. No details were provided regarding the magnitude of the congestion charges or the charge zone.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14761711|title=Beijing 'plans congestion charge' to ease traffic woes|date=2011-09-02|access-date=2011-09-07|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> The measure was initially proposed in 2010 and was recommended by the [[World Bank]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/indepth/2010-12/21/c_13657902.htm|title=Time to fix traffic in Beijing|author=China Daily|publisher=Xinhuanet|date=2010-12-21|access-date=2011-09-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224153615/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/indepth/2010-12/21/c_13657902.htm|archive-date=2010-12-24}}</ref><ref name="BJreview10">{{cite web|url=http://www.bjreview.com.cn/forum/txt/2010-05/31/content_275536.htm|title=Will Congestion Pricing Relieve Traffic Jams?|publisher=[[Beijing Review]]|date=2010-05-31|access-date=2011-09-07}}</ref> A similar scheme was proposed for the city [[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]] province, in early 2010. The city opened a public discussion on whether to introduce congestion charges. An online survey conducted by two local news outlets found that 84.4% of respondents opposed the charges.<ref name="BJreview10" />

In December 2015, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport announced plans to introduce congestion charges in 2016. According to city's motor vehicle emission control plan 2013–2017, the congestion charge will be a real-time [[variable pricing]] scheme based on actual traffic flows and emissions data, and allow the fee to be charged for different vehicles and varying by time of the day and for different districts. The [[Dongcheng District, Beijing|Dongcheng]] and [[Xicheng]] are among the districts that are most likely to firstly implement congestion charge. Vehicle emissions account for 31% of the city's smog sources, according to Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau. The local government has implemented already several policies to address air quality and congestion, such as a [[driving restriction]] scheme based upon the last digits on their license plates.<ref name=Beijing2015>{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-12/03/content_22621398.htm |title=Beijing mulls congestion charge|publisher=[[China Daily]] |work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|date=2015-12-03|access-date=2015-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/china-news/beijing-plans-to-implement-congestion-charge-nex-151204.shtml |title=Beijing Plans to Implement "Congestion Charge" Next Year |author=Natasha Li |work=Gasgoo.com |date=2015-12-04 |access-date=2015-12-07 |archive-date=2015-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212110439/http://autonews.gasgoo.com/china-news/beijing-plans-to-implement-congestion-charge-nex-151204.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Also a vehicle quota system was introduced in 2011, awarding new car licenses through a lottery, with a ceiling of 6&nbsp;million units set by the city authority for 2017.<ref name=Beijing052016>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-25/beijing-seeks-to-legislate-car-quotas-as-it-mulls-congestion-fee | title=Beijing Seeks to Legislate Car Quotas as It Mulls Congestion Fee  | work=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=2016-05-25 | access-date=2016-05-28}}</ref> In May 2016, the Beijing city legislature announced it will consider to start levying traffic congestion charges by 2020 as part of a package of measures to reform the vehicle quota system.<ref name=Beijing052016/>  {{As of|2016|06}}, the city's environmental and transport departments are working together on a congestion pricing proposal.<ref name=China2016>{{cite news | url=https://www.economist.com/news/china/21700676-chinese-love-their-cars-do-not-want-pay-more-driving-them-great-crawl?frsc=dg%7Ca | title=The great crawl | newspaper=[[The Economist]] | date=2016-06-18 | access-date=2016-06-22}} From the print edition.</ref>

===== Brazil =====
[[File:Traffic jam Marginal Pinheiros 6122 SAO 07 2009.jpg|thumb|Traffic congestion on [[Marginal Pinheiros]], near downtown [[São Paulo]]. According to ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, São Paulo has the world's worst traffic jams.<ref name=Times_SP>{{Cite magazine|url= http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1733872,00.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080423172358/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1733872,00.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= April 23, 2008 |title=The World's Worst Traffic Jams|magazine=Time|date=2008-04-21|access-date=2013-06-27|author= Andrew Downie}}</ref> Drivers are informed through [[variable message sign]]s the prevailing [[Queueing theory|queue length]].]]

In January 2012, the [[federal government of Brazil]] enacted the Urban Mobility Law that authorizes municipalities to implement congestion pricing to reduce traffic flows. The law also seeks to encourage the use of public transportation and reduce air pollution. According to the law, revenues from congestion charges should be destined exclusively to urban infrastructure for public transportation and non-motorized modes of locomotion (such as [[walking]] and [[cycling]]), and to finance public subsidies to transit fares. The law went into effect in April 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/cidades,lei-federal-autoriza-criacao-de-pedagio-urbano-por-prefeituras,820711,0.htm|title=Lei federal autoriza criação de pedágio urbano por prefeituras|language=pt|trans-title=Federal law authorizes the creation of congestion pricing by local governments|author1=Marta Salomon |author2=Iuri Dantas |author3=Andréa Jubé Vianna |work=[[O Estado de S. Paulo]]|date=2012-01-09|access-date=2013-06-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/noticias/dilma-aprova-lei-que-preve-pedagio-urbano-20120104.html|title=Dilma aprova lei que prevê pedágio urbano|language=pt|trans-title=Dilma approves law that allows congestion pricing|author=Agência Estado|work=R7 Noticias|date=2012-01-04|access-date=2013-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511221446/http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/noticias/dilma-aprova-lei-que-preve-pedagio-urbano-20120104.html|archive-date=2013-05-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2011-2014/2012/lei/l12587.htm|title=Lei Nº 12.587, de 3 de Janeiro de 2012|language=pt|trans-title=Law N. 12.587 of January 3rd, 2012|author=Presidência da República|publisher=Presidência da República, Casa Civil|date=2012-01-03|access-date=2013-06-26}} ''See article 23''.</ref>

In April 2012, one of the committees of the [[São Paulo]] [[city council]] approved a bill to introduce congestion pricing within the same area as the existing [[road space rationing]] ({{langx|pt|Rodízio veicular}}) by the last digit of the license plate, which has been in force 1996. The proposed charge is R$4 (~ {{USD|2}}) per day and it is expected to reduce traffic by 30% and raise about R$2.5&nbsp;billion (~ {{USD|1.25}} billion) per year, most of which will be destined to the expansion of the [[São Paulo Metro]] system and bus corridors. The bill still needs approval by two other committees before going for a final vote at the city council. Since 1995, 11 bills have been presented in the city council to introduce congestion pricing.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://g1.globo.com/sao-paulo/noticia/2012/04/projeto-que-cria-pedagio-urbano-passa-em-comissao-na-camara-de-sp.html|title=Projeto que cria pedágio urbano passa em comissão na Câmara de SP|language=pt|trans-title=Bill to create congestion pricing passed in commission of the São Paulo city council|author=Roney Domingos|work=[[O Globo]]|date=2012-04-25|access-date=2013-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/transito/pedagio-urbano-de-sao-paulo-pode-custar-ate-r-88-por-mes,b769e7948c1da310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html|title=Pedágio urbano de São Paulo pode custar até R$ 88 por mês |language=pt|trans-title=São Paulo's congestion pricing could cost up to R$88 per month|work=Terra|date=2012-04-26|access-date=2013-06-27}}</ref> Opinion surveys have shown that the initiative is highly umpopular. A survey by [[Veja (magazine)|''Veja'']] magazine found that 80% of drivers are against congestion pricing, and another survey by ''[[Exame]]'' magazine found that only 1% of São Paulo's residents support the initiative, while 30% find that extending the metro system is a better solution to reduce traffic congestion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/ricardo-setti/politica-cia/perdendo-30-bilhoes-de-reais-por-ano-por-congestionamentos-de-transito-sp-mira-o-exemplo-do-pedagio-urbano-de-londres/|title=Perdendo 30 bilhões de reais por ano por congestionamentos de trânsito, SP mira o exemplo do pedágio urbano de Londres|language=pt|trans-title=Lossing 30 billion reais per year due to traffic congestion, São Paulo looks at the example of London congestion charges|author=Claudia Jordão e Maria Paola de Salvo|work=[[Veja (magazine)|Veja São Paulo]]|date=2012-06-20|access-date=2013-06-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219055853/http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/ricardo-setti/politica-cia/perdendo-30-bilhoes-de-reais-por-ano-por-congestionamentos-de-transito-sp-mira-o-exemplo-do-pedagio-urbano-de-londres/|archive-date=2013-12-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/noticias/paulistano-nao-quer-pedagio-urbano-segundo-datafolha|title=Paulistano não quer pedágio urbano, segundo Datafolha|language=pt|trans-title=São Paulo residents do not want congestion pricing according to Datafolha |author=Amanda Previdelli|work=[[Exame (magazine)|Exame]]|date=2012-06-11|access-date=2013-06-27}}</ref> São Paulo's strategic urban development plan "SP 2040", approved in November 2012, proposes the implementation of congestion pricing by 2025, when the density of metro and bus corridors is expected to reach 1.25&nbsp;km/km<sup>2</sup>. The Plan also requires ample consultation and even a [[referendum]] before beginning implementation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/1184743-pedagio-urbano-e-incineracao-de-lixo-estao-entre-as-propostas-da-sp-2040.shtml|title=Pedágio urbano e incineração de lixo estão entre as propostas da SP 2040 |language=pt|trans-title=Congestion pricing and waste incineration are among the proposals of SP 2040|work=[[Folha de S.Paulo]]|date=2012-11-13|access-date=2013-06-27}}</ref>

===== Thailand =====
{{Main|Congestion pricing in Bangkok}}
In October 2024, Thailand's [[Ministry of Transport (Thailand)|Ministry of Transport]] announced plans for a 40-50 [[Thai baht|Baht]] congestion charge for motorists who enter streets in inner [[Bangkok]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last= |first= |title=B40-50 congestion charge on inner-Bangkok streets |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2885441/b40-50-congestion-charge-to-subsidise-b20-rail-fares |access-date=2024-10-20 |work=Bangkok Post |date= 17 October 2024|language=en}}</ref> The funds would be used to subsidize a 20 Baht fare for all railway lines in [[Bangkok Metropolitan Region|Greater Bangkok]].<ref name=":3" /> The plans were supported by [[Governor of Bangkok]] [[Chadchart Sittipunt]], who advocated for an expansion of Bangkok's transit network, including electric train and bus service along with pedestrian infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |title=Congestion charge for Bangkok gets governor Chadchart's nod |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2886783/congestion-charge-for-bangkok-gets-governor-chadcharts-nod |access-date=2024-10-20 |work=Bangkok Post |date= 20 October 2024|language=en}}</ref>