Editing Container ship (section)

=== Size categories ===
[[File:20240330 Container ship sizes and capacities.svg|thumb|The size of the ''[[MV Dali]]'', involved in the 2024 [[Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse]], though considered large, is less than that of the largest container ship.<ref name=NYTimes_20240328/> It is recognized that bigger ships can cause bigger disasters, such as the 1,300-foot vessel in the [[2021 Suez Canal obstruction]].<ref name=NYTimes_20240328>{{cite news |last1=Koeze |first1=Ella |title=The Dali Is a Big Ship. But Not the Biggest. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/03/28/business/economy/big-ship-dali-baltimore.html |work=The New York Times |date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330113653/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/03/28/business/economy/big-ship-dali-baltimore.html |archive-date=March 30, 2024 |url-status=live }} Source credits: "Sources: "The Geography of Transport Systems," by Jean-Paul Rodrigue; VesselFinder; the Empire State Building; the Eiffel Tower; ShipHub; Maryland Port Administration".</ref>]]
Container ships are distinguished into 7 major size categories: small feeder, feeder, feedermax, [[Panamax]], [[Post-Panamax]], [[Neopanamax]] and ultra-large.<ref name="man"/> As of December 2012, there were 161 container ships in the VLCS class (Very Large Container Ships, more than 10,000 TEU), and 51 ports in the world can accommodate them.<ref>Vesterager, Jacob. "[http://shippingwatch.dk/Havne/article4943407.ece Alphaliner: Verdens havne er ikke klar til gigantskibe]" (World ports not ready for giant ships). ShippingWatch, December 2012.</ref>

The size of a Panamax vessel is limited by the original [[Panama Canal Locks|Panama canal's lock chambers]], which can accommodate ships with a beam of up to 32.31&nbsp;m, a length overall of up to 294.13&nbsp;m, and a draft of up to 12.04&nbsp;m.<ref>Autoridad del Canal de Panamá 2005, pp. 11{{spaced ndash}}12.</ref>  The Post-Panamax category has historically been used to describe ships with a moulded breadth over 32.31&nbsp;m,<ref name="unctad-xiii">UNCTAD, 2010, p. xiii.</ref> however the [[Panama Canal expansion project]] has caused some changes in terminology.  The Neopanamax category is based on the maximum vessel size that is able to transit a new third set of locks, which opened in June 2016.<ref name=NYT062016>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/06/26/world/americas/ap-lt-panama-canal-expansion.html?ref=world&_r=0 | title=Panama Canal Opens $5B Locks, Bullish Despite Shipping Woes | author=The Associated Press | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=2016-06-26 | access-date=2016-06-26| author-link=The Associated Press }}</ref><ref name="pc-np"/> The third set of locks were built to accommodate a container ship with a [[length overall]] of {{convert|366|m}}, a maximum beam (width) of {{convert|49|m}}, and tropical fresh-water draft of {{convert|15.2|m}}.<ref name="pc-np">Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, 2009.</ref><ref name="pc45">Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, 2006, p. 45.</ref> Such a vessel, called Neopanamax class, is wide enough to carry 19 columns of containers, can have a total capacity of approximately 12,000 TEU and is comparable in size to a [[capesize]] bulk carrier or a [[Suezmax]] tanker.<ref name="pc45"/>

Container ships under 3,000 TEU are generally called [[feeder ship]]s or feeders.  They are small ships that typically operate between smaller container ports.  Some feeders collect their cargo from small ports, drop it off at large ports for transshipment on larger ships, and distribute containers from the large port to smaller regional ports.<ref name="mcnich-45">McNicholas, p. 45.</ref>  This size of vessel is the most likely to carry cargo cranes on board.<ref name="unctad32"/>

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{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Container ship size categories
! Name
! Capacity<br />([[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]])<ref name="man">MAN Diesel, 2009, p.6.</ref>
! [[Length overall|Length]]
! [[Beam (nautical)|Beam]]
! [[Draft (hull)|Draft]]
! colspan="2" | Example
|-
|Ultra Large Container Vessel (ULCV)
|14,501 and higher
|{{convert|1200|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} and longer
|{{convert|160.7|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} and wider
|{{convert|49.9|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} and deeper
| With a length of 400 m, a beam of 59 m, draft of 14.5 m, and a capacity of 18,270 TEU, ships of the [[Maersk Triple E class]] are able to transit the Suez canal.<ref>{{csr|register=ABS|id=13232687|shipname=Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller|access-date=1 May 2014}}<br />{{cite book|last1=van Ham|first1=Hans|last2=Rijsenbrij|first2=Joan Rijsenbrij|title=Development of containerization success through vision, drive and technology|date=2012|publisher=IOS Press|location=Amsterdam|isbn=9781614991472|page=290|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgQmkTczzPwC&q=%22draft%22+%22triple+e%22+14.5&pg=PA290|edition=Online-Ausg.}}</ref><br>Photo: [[Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller (ship)|MV ''Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller'']]
| [[File:Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller passing Port Said in the Suez Canal on its maiden voyage.jpg|150px]]
|-
|[[New Panamax]] (or Neopanamax)
|10,000–14,500
| rowspan="2" | {{convert|1200|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}
| rowspan="2" | {{convert|160.7|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}
| rowspan="2" | {{convert|49.9|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
| rowspan="2" | With a beam of 43 m, ships of the ''COSCO Guangzhou'' class are much too big to fit through the Panama Canal's old locks, but could easily fit through the new expansion.<br>Photo:  The 9,500 TEU {{MV|COSCO Guangzhou}} pierside in Hamburg
| rowspan="2" | [[File:COSCO Guangzhou 02 (RaBoe).jpg|150px]]
|-
|[[Post-Panamax]]
|5,101–10,000
|-
|[[Panamax]]
|3,001–5,100
| {{convert|965|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}<br>
| {{convert|106|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|39.5|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}
|Ships of the Bay class are at the upper limit of the Panamax class, with an overall length of 292.15 m, beam of 32.2m, and maximum depth of 13.3 m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reedereibluestar.de/fleet/fleet-list/bay-class-overview.html |title=Bay Class Overview |author=Reederei Blue Star GmbH |author-link=Reederei Blue Star GmbH |year=2011 |work=Reederei Blue Star Fleet |publisher=Reederei Blue Star GmbH |location=Hamburg |access-date=2011-03-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719074522/http://www.reedereibluestar.de/fleet/fleet-list/bay-class-overview.html |archive-date=July 19, 2011 }}</ref><br>Photo: The 4,224 TEU MV ''Providence Bay'' passing through the Panama Canal
|[[File:Panama Kanal 01 (40).jpg|150px]]
|-
|Feedermax
|2,001–3,000
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="3" | Container ships under 3,000 TEU are typically called feeders. In some areas of the world, they might be outfitted with cargo cranes.<br>Photo: The 384 TEU {{MV|TransAtlantic}} at anchor<ref name="fearnleys">{{cite web |url=http://www.fearnsale.com/asset/68/1/68_1.pdf |title= Fearnley's Annual Review, 2004|access-date=2011-03-05 |author=Fearnresearch|year=2005 |publisher=Fearnleys AS|location=Oslo|page=90}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[File:MV TransAtlantic.jpg|150px]]
|-
|[[Feeder ship|Feeder]]
|1,001–2,000
|-
|Small feeder
|Up to 1,000
|}