Editing Continuously variable transmission (section)

=== Toroidal ===
[[File:Extroid CVT.jpg|thumb|Toroidal CVT used in the [[Nissan Cedric#Tenth generation Y34|Nissan Cedric (Y34)]] ]]

Toroidal CVTs, as used on the [[Nissan Cedric#Tenth generation (Y34; 1999)|Nissan Cedric (Y34)]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Nissan's Weird Double CVT Is Perfect for High-Torque Applications |url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/new-cars/car-technology/a25412165/nissan-double-toroidal-cvt-explained/ |website=Road & Track |access-date=16 July 2020 |date=5 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tech & Trends: Nissan Producing Amazing New CVT |url=https://www.wardsauto.com/news-analysis/tech-trends-nissan-producing-amazing-new-cvt |website=wardsauto.com |access-date=16 July 2020 |language=en |date=1 December 1999}}</ref> and those built by CVTCORP,<ref>{{cite web |title=CVTCORP Technology |url=https://www.cvtcorp.com/expertise/?lang=en}}</ref> consist of a series of discs and rollers. The discs can be pictured as two almost-conical parts arranged point-to-point, with the sides dished such that the two parts could fit into the central hole of a [[torus]]. One disc is the input, and the other is the output. Between the discs are rollers, which vary the ratio and transfer power from one side to the other. When the rollers' axes are [[perpendicular]] to the axis of the discs, the effective diameter is the same for the input discs and the output discs, resulting in a 1:1 drive ratio. For other ratios, the rollers are rotated along the surfaces of the discs so that they are in contact with the discs at points with different diameters, resulting in a drive ratio of something other than 1:1.<ref>{{cite web |title=How CVTs Work – Toroidal CVTs |url=https://auto.howstuffworks.com/cvt3.htm |website=howstuffworks.com |access-date=16 July 2020 |language=en |date=27 April 2005}}</ref>

An advantage of a toroidal CVT is the ability to withstand higher torque loads than a pulley-based CVT.<ref>{{cite web |title=Extroid CVTs – For Application to Rear-Wheel-Drive Cars Powered by Large Engine |url=https://www.nissan-global.com/PDF/tcvt_e.pdf |website=nissan-global.com |access-date=16 July 2020}}</ref> In some toroidal systems, the direction of thrust can be reversed within the CVT, removing the need for an external device to provide a reverse gear.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.torotrak.com/pdfs/tech_papers/2007/CTI_Michigan_2007.pdf |title=Developments in Full-Toroidal Traction Drive Infinitely & Continuously Variable Transmissions (CTI Innovative Automotive Transmissions Conference and Exhibition) |publisher=Torotrak |date=August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917085727/http://www.torotrak.com/pdfs/tech_papers/2007/CTI_Michigan_2007.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2012}}</ref>