Editing Corroboree frog (section)

==Biology==

===Reproduction===

The [[southern corroboree frog]] (''Pseudophryne corroboree'')
is [[Critically Endangered|critically endangered (CR)]]<ref name="CITES-Appendices">{{cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18582/8484537p|access-date=2022-08-20|website=cites.org}}</ref>
. Sexual maturity of ''P. corroboree'' is reached at four years of age, with one year as an embryo/tadpole and two years as a juvenile/subadult. Adults primarily have only one breeding season. Breeding occurs around December terrestrially near shallow pools, fens, seepages, wet grassland or wet [[heath]]s, where the males build chamber nests within the grasses and moss. Males compete for females via song. Each male will attract up to ten females to his burrow sequentially and may dig a new burrow if his first is filled with eggs.  The female lays up to 38 eggs and the male grasps her and deposits sperm directly onto the eggs.  Tadpoles develop but remain within the protective egg coat until hatching occurs when high ground-water levels after rain cause the nest to become flooded at 4 to 6 months. Tadpole development takes six to eight months. Metamorphosis occurs between December and February.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Osborne |first1=W. S. |last2=Norman |first2=J. A. |title=Conservation Genetics of Corroboree Frogs, ''Pseudophryne corroboree'' Moore (Anura, Myobatrachidae): Population Subdivision and Genetic Divergence |journal=[[Australian Journal of Zoology]] |date=1991 |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=285–297 |doi=10.1071/ZO9910285}}</ref>

[[Northern corroboree frog]] (''Pseudophryne pengilleyi'')
[[Endangered species (IUCN status)|Endangered (EN)]]
''P. pengilleyi'' prefers to breed in [[sphagnum]] bogs and wet heath in sub-alpine areas and dense patches of herbs in openings or seepages amongst fallen [[tussock grass|tussocks]] at lower elevation ([[bog]] pools at high altitudes above {{cvt|1300|m}} and in shallow seepage pools in gullies at lower altitudes of {{cvt|1000–1400|m}}). Other reproductive details are as for ''P. corroboree''. Both species are restricted to mountain and sub-alpine woodlands, heathlands and grasslands.

Non-breeding habitat for both species occurs in forest, woodland and heath adjacent to breeding sites.

===Diet===
The typical diet of a mature southern corroboree frog includes beetles, mites, ants and insect larvae. However, as tadpoles they also tend to eat algae and other small pieces of organic material found in their pools.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://taronga.org.au/animal/corroboree-frog|title=Southern Corroboree Frog|date=2010-07-10|work=Taronga|access-date=2017-04-25|language=en}}</ref>

===Toxicity===
Corroboree frogs are the first vertebrates discovered that are able to produce their own poisonous [[alkaloid]], as opposed to obtaining it via diet as many other frogs do. The alkaloid is secreted from the skin as a defence against predation, and potentially against skin infections by microbes. It has been described as potentially lethal to mammals if ingested. The unique alkaloid produced has been named [[pseudo-phrynamine]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Daly |first1=J. W. |last2=Garraffo |first2=H. M. |last3=Pannell |first3=L. K. |last4=Spande |first4=T. F. |last5=Severini |first5=C. |last6=Erspamer |first6=V. |title=Alkaloids from Australian Frogs (Myobatrachidae): Pseudophrynamines and Pumiliotoxins |journal=[[Journal of Natural Products]] |date=1990 |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=407–421 |doi=10.1021/np50068a020|pmid=2380714 |bibcode=1990JNAtP..53..407D }}</ref>