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Coulomb explosion
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==Appearance in nature== High speed camera imaging of [[alkali metal]]s exploding in water has suggested the explosion is a coulomb explosion.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Coulomb explosion during the early stages of the reaction of alkali metals with water|journal=Nature Chemistry|doi=10.1038/nchem.2161|pmid = 25698335|date=26 Jan 2015|volume=7|issue=3|pages=250–254|bibcode=2015NatCh...7..250M|last1=Mason|first1=Philip E.|last2=Uhlig|first2=Frank|last3=Vaněk|first3=Václav|last4=Buttersack|first4=Tillmann|last5=Bauerecker|first5=Sigurd|last6=Jungwirth|first6=Pavel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/sodium-s-explosive-secrets-revealed1/|work=Scientific American|date=27 Jan 2015|title=Sodium's Explosive Secrets Revealed}}</ref> During a [[nuclear explosion]] based on the [[Nuclear fission|fission]] of uranium, 167 [[MeV]] is emitted in the form of a coulombic explosion between each prior nucleus of uranium, the repulsive electrostatic energy between the two fission [[fission product|daughter nuclei]], translates into the [[kinetic energy]] of the [[fission product]]s that results in both the primary driver of the [[blackbody radiation]] that rapidly generates the hot dense plasma/[[nuclear fireball]] formation and thus also both later blast and thermal effects.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Medical Consequences of Nuclear Warfare|last1=Alt|first1=Leonard A.|last2=Forcino|first2=Douglas|last3=Walker|first3=Richard I.|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=2000|isbn=9780160591341|editor-last=Cerveny|editor-first=T. Jan|chapter=Nuclear events and their consequences|quote=approximately 82% of the fission energy is released as kinetic energy of the two large fission fragments. These fragments, being massive and highly charged particles, interact readily with matter. They transfer their energy quickly to the surrounding weapon materials, which rapidly become heated|chapter-url=https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/nuclearwarfare/chapter1/chapter1.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oektg.at/wp-content/uploads/02-Nuclear-Engineering-Overview1.pdf|title=''Nuclear Engineering Overview''|publisher=Technical University Vienna|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515201022/http://www.oektg.at/wp-content/uploads/02-Nuclear-Engineering-Overview1.pdf|archive-date=May 15, 2018|quote=The various energies emitted per fission event pg 4. ''"167 MeV"'' is emitted by means of the repulsive electrostatic energy between the 2 daughter nuclei, which takes the form of the "kinetic energy" of the fission products, this kinetic energy results in both later blast and thermal effects. ''"5 MeV"'' is released in prompt or initial gamma radiation, ''"5 MeV"'' in prompt neutron radiation (99.36% of total), ''"7 MeV"'' in delayed neutron energy (0.64%) and ''"13 MeV"'' in beta decay and gamma decay(residual radiation)}}</ref> Scientists at the [[University of Cologne]] Zoological Institute have suggested that coulomb explosion (specifically, the electrostatic repulsion of dissociated carboxyl groups of polyglutamic acid) may be part of the explosive action of nematocytes, the stinging cells in aquatic organisms of the phylum [[Cnidaria]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s10152-005-0019-y |title=Formation and discharge of nematocysts is controlled by a proton gradient across the cyst membrane|journal=Helgoland Marine Research|volume=60|issue=3|pages=180–188|year=2006|last1=Berking|first1=Stefan|last2=Herrmann|first2=Klaus|bibcode=2006HMR....60..180B |doi-access=free}}</ref>
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