Editing Craft (section)

=== Handicraft ===
{{main|Handicraft}}
'''Handicraft''' is the "[[tradition]]al" main sector of the crafts. It is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are [[craft production|made completely by hand or by using only simple tools]]. The term is usually applied to traditional means of making goods. The individual [[workmanship|artisanship]] of the items is a paramount criterion, an such items often have cultural and/or religious significance. Items made by [[mass production]] or machines are not handicraft goods.

The beginning of crafts in areas like the [[Ottoman Empire]] involved the governing bodies{{Specify|reason=which governing bodies?|date=July 2023}} requiring members of the city who were skilled at creating goods to open shops in the center of town. These people slowly stopped acting as [[Subsistence agriculture|subsistence farmers]] (who created goods in their own homes to trade with neighbors) and began to represent what we think of as "craftspeople" today.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Suraiya |first=Faroqhi |title=Artisans of Empire : Crafts and Craftspeople Under the Ottomans. |year=2014 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=9780857710628 |page=119 |oclc=956646181}}</ref>

Besides traditional goods, handicraft contributes to the field of [[computing]] by combining craft practices with technology. For example, in 1968, the [[Apollo 8|''Apollo 8'' spacecraft's]] core memory consisted of wires that were woven around and through electromagnetic cores by hand. The [[core rope memory]] they{{specify|date=July 2023}} created contained information used to successfully complete the mission.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Daniela K. |last=Rosner |url=https://worldcat.org/title/1194870241 |title=Critical Fabulations: reworking the methods and margins of design. |year=2020 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-54268-5 |oclc=1194870241}}</ref>

Crafts and craftspeople have become a subject of academic study. For example, Stephanie Bunn was an artist before she became an anthropologist, and she went on to develop an academic interest in the process of craft. She argues that what happens to an object before it becomes a "product" is an area worthy of study.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ingold |first=Tim |title=Redrawing Anthropology: Materials, Movements, Lines |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |year=2011 |location=Farnham |pages=21–22}}</ref>