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Cucumber
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===Herbivore defense=== [[Phytochemical]]s in cucumbers may discourage natural [[foraging]] by [[herbivore]]s, such as insects, [[nematode]]s or [[wildlife]].<ref name="shang">{{cite journal |display-authors=3| vauthors = Shang Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Duan L, Chen H, Zeng J, Zhou Q, Wang S, Gu W, Liu M, Ren J, Gu X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Yasukawa K, Bouwmeester HJ, Qi X, Zhang Z, Lucas WJ, Huang S | title = Plant science. Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber | journal = Science | volume = 346 | issue = 6213 | pages = 1084β8 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 25430763 | doi = 10.1126/science.1259215 | bibcode = 2014Sci...346.1084S | s2cid = 206561241 }}</ref> As a possible defense mechanism, cucumbers produce [[Cucurbitacin|cucurbitacin C]],<ref name=":0a">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Zhiqiang |last2=Li |first2=Yawen |last3=Cao |first3=Chunyu |last4=Liang |first4=Shan |last5=Ma |first5=Yongshuo |last6=Liu |first6=Xin |last7=Pei |first7=Yanxi |title=The role of H2S in low temperature-induced cucurbitacin C increases in cucumber |journal=Plant Molecular Biology |date=February 2019 |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=535β544 |doi=10.1007/s11103-019-00834-w |pmid=30707394 |bibcode=2019PMolB..99..535L |s2cid=73431225}}</ref> which causes a [[bitter (taste)|bitter taste]] in some cucumber varieties. This potential mechanism is under preliminary research to identify whether cucumbers are able to deter herbivores and [[Biotic stress#Effect on plant growth|environmental stresses]] by using an intrinsic [[Chemical defense#Plants|chemical defense]], particularly in the leaves, [[cotyledon]]s, [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]], [[Caropodium|carpopodium]], and fruit.<ref name=":0a" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=He |first=Jun |title=Terpene Synthases in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Their Contribution to Herbivore-induced Volatile Terpenoid Emission |journal=New Phytologist |year=2022 |volume=233 |issue=2 |pages=862β877|doi=10.1111/nph.17814 |pmid=34668204 |pmc=9299122 |bibcode=2022NewPh.233..862H |hdl=11245.1/e4b87361-6747-409a-a897-0e3939f560c0 |s2cid=239035917 }}</ref>
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