Editing Cypermethrin (section)

==Study in animals==
Cypermethrin is very toxic to cats which cannot tolerate the therapeutic doses for dogs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Linnett|first=P-J|date=2008-01-01|title=Permethrin toxicosis in cats|journal=Australian Veterinary Journal|language=en|volume=86|issue=1–2|pages=32–35|doi=10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00198.x|pmid=18271821|issn=1751-0813}}</ref> This is associated with [[UGT1A6]] deficiency in cats, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing cypermethrin. As a consequence, cypermethrin remains much longer in the cat's organs than in dogs or other mammals and can be fatal in large doses.

In male rats cypermethrin has been shown to exhibit a toxic effect on the [[reproductive system]] by Elbetieha et al. 2001.<ref name="Koureas-et-al-2012">{{cite journal | last1=Koureas | first1=Michalis | last2=Tsakalof | first2=Andreas | last3=Tsatsakis | first3=Aristidis | last4=Hadjichristodoulou | first4=Christos | title=Systematic review of biomonitoring studies to determine the association | journal=Toxicology Letters | publisher=Elsevier | volume=210 | issue=2 | year=2012 | issn=0378-4274 | doi=10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.007 | pages=155–168| pmid=22020228 }}</ref> In another result, after 15 days of continual dosing, both [[androgen receptor]] levels and serum [[testosterone]] levels were significantly reduced. These data suggested that cypermethrin can induce impairments of the structure of [[seminiferous tubules]] and [[spermatogenesis]] in male rats at high doses.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=22147539 |year=2011 |last1=Hu |first1=JX |last2=Li |first2=YF |last3=Li |first3=J |last4=Pan |first4=C |last5=He |first5=Z |last6=Dong |first6=HY |last7=Xu |first7=LC |title=Toxic effects of cypermethrin on the male reproductive system: With emphasis on the androgen receptor |doi=10.1002/jat.1769 |journal=Journal of Applied Toxicology |pages= 576–585|volume=33|issue=7 |s2cid=22178796 }}</ref>

Long-term exposure to cypermethrin during adulthood is found to induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rats, and postnatal exposure enhances the susceptibility of animals to dopaminergic neurodegeneration if rechallenged during adulthood.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=20371137 |year=2012 |last1=Singh |first1=AK |last2=Tiwari |first2=MN |last3=Upadhyay |first3=G |last4=Patel |first4=DK |last5=Singh |first5=D |last6=Prakash |first6=O |last7=Singh |first7=MP |title=Long term exposure to cypermethrin induces nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in adult rats: Postnatal exposure enhances the susceptibility during adulthood |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=404–15 |doi=10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.02.018 |journal=Neurobiology of Aging|s2cid=207158692 }}</ref>

If exposed to cypermethrin during pregnancy, rats give birth to offspring with developmental delays. In male rats exposed to cypermethrin, the proportion of abnormal sperm increases. It causes genetic damage: chromosomal abnormalities increased in bone marrow and spleen cells when mice were exposed to cypermethrin.<ref>{{cite journal|year=1993|title=Induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange in vivo and in vitro by the insecticide cypermethrin| journal= Journal of Applied Toxicology | volume = 13 | pages = 341–345| author=Amer, S.M.|doi=10.1002/jat.2550130508|pmid=8258631|issue=5|s2cid=41816737|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Cypermethrin is classified as a possible human [[carcinogen]], because it causes an increase in the frequency of lung tumors in female mice. Cypermethrin has been linked to an increase in bone marrow [[micronuclei]] in both mice and humans.<ref>{{cite journal|year=1985|title=Cytogenetic effects of pesticides. III. Induction of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow by the insecticides cypermethrin and rotenone| journal= Journal of Mutation Research |volume = 155 | pages = 135–142|author1=Amer, S.M.  |author2=E.I. Aboulela|doi=10.1016/0165-1218(85)90132-6|pmid=3974628|issue=3}}</ref>
 
One study showed that cypermethrin inhibits “gap junctional intercellular communication”, which plays an important role in cell growth and is inhibited by carcinogenic agents.<ref>{{cite journal|year=1993|title=Effects of pyrethroid insecticides on gap junctional intecellular communications in Balb/c3T3 cells by dye-transfer assay | journal=Cell Biology and Toxicology | volume = 9 | pages = 215–222| author=Tateno, C.|doi=10.1007/BF00755600|pmid=8299001 |last2=Ito|first2=Seiichi|last3=Tanaka|first3=Mina|last4=Yoshitake|first4=Akira|issue=3|s2cid=10055706 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> Studies have shown that residue from cypermethrin can last for 84 days in the air, on walls, the floor and on furniture.<ref>{{cite journal|year=1993|title=Cypermethrin in the ambient air and on surfaces of rooms treated for cockroaches| journal=Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology | volume = 51 | pages = 356–360|author1=Wright, C.G. |author2=R.B. Leidy |author3=H.E. Dupree Jr.  |name-list-style=amp |doi=10.1007/BF00201752|pmid=8219589|issue=3|bibcode=1993BuECT..51..356W |s2cid=37107396}}</ref>