Editing Deborah (section)

==Traditional chronology==
[[Seder Olam Rabbah|Traditional Jewish chronology]] places Deborah's 40 years of judging [[Israelites|Israel]] ({{bibleverse ||Judges|5:31|NIV}}) from 1107 BC until her death in 1067 BC.<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/112073/jewish/Deborah-the-Prophetess.htm  Jewish History: Deborah the Prophetess], Chabad.</ref> The ''Dictionary of World Biography: The Ancient World'' claims that she might have lived in the period between 1200 BC to 1124 BC.<ref name="bio dictionary">{{cite book|last= Northen Magill|first=Frank and Christina J. Moose|title= Dictionary of World Biography: The Ancient World | chapter = Deborah|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyKaVFZqbdUC&pg=PA326 |access-date=1 April 2013|isbn=978-1-57958040-7|date= 2003-01-23|publisher=Taylor & Francis }}</ref> Based on archaeological findings, different biblical scholars have argued that Deborah's war with Sisera best fits the context of either the second half of the 12th century BC<ref name= "Albright">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.2307/3218855| jstor = 3218855 | title = Further Light on the History of Israel from Lachish and Megiddo| journal = Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research| volume = 68 | issue = 68 | pages = 22–26 | year = 1937| last1 = Albright | first1 = W. F.| s2cid = 163435967 }}</ref> or the second half of the 11th century BC.<ref name= "Mayes">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.2307/1516506| jstor = 1516506 | title = The Historical Context of the Battle against Sisera| journal = Vetus Testamentum| volume = 19| issue = 3 | pages = 353–360 | year = 1969| last1 = Mayes | first1 = A. D. H.}}</ref> [[Sisera]] is a non-Semitic name, and the story is set "in the days of [[Shamgar]]," a hero famous for killing 600 [[Philistines]]. Many scholars, such as Łukasz Niesiołowski-Spanò, believes the story is really about the Sea Peoples.<ref>Niesiolowski-Spano, Ł., & Kantor, M. (2015). Goliath's legacy: Philistines and Hebrews in biblical times (Philippika). Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN: 978-3447103466.</ref> One archaeological [[stratum]] of [[Tel Hazor|Hazor]] dating from around 1200&nbsp;BCE shows signs of catastrophic fire.<ref>https://embassies.gov.il/MFA/IsraelExperience/history/Pages/Hatzor%20-%20The%20Head%20of%20all%20those%20Kingdoms.aspx {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>

Some scholars like Israel Finkelstein, who associated first monarchy of [[Israel]] with [[Gibeon (ancient city)|Gibeon]]-[[Gibeah]] polity of the early to mid 10th century BC,<ref>Finkelstein, Israel (2020). "Saul and Highlands of Benjamin Update: The Role of Jerusalem". In Joachim J. Krause; Omer Sergi; Kristin Weingart (eds.). Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives. Atlanta, GA: SBL Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-88414-451-9.</ref><ref>Finkelstein, Israel (2019). "First Israel, Core Israel, United (Northern) Israel". Near Eastern Archaeology. American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR). 82 (1): 12. doi:10.1086/703321. S2CID 167052643. Retrieved 22 March 2020.</ref> placed the background of the Song of Deborah in the early 10th century BC associating with the Late Iron Age I (c. 1050–950 BCE) destruction of [[Tel Megiddo|Megiddo]], which dates to c. 1000-985 BCE.<ref>Albright Live (2021). Episode Twenty-one: Heroic Stories in the Book of Judges, 12:25–19:45.  </ref>  However, this is not a mainstream idea.