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Degaussing
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===High-temperature superconductivity=== The US Navy tested, in April 2009, a prototype of its [[High-temperature superconductivity|High-Temperature Superconducting]] Degaussing Coil System, referred to as "HTS Degaussing". The system works by encircling the vessel with superconducting ceramic cables whose purpose is to neutralize the ship's magnetic signature, as in the legacy copper systems. The main advantage of the HTS Degaussing Coil system is greatly reduced weight (sometimes by as much as 80%) and increased efficiency.<ref>{{cite web | last = Stimak | first = George | title = Degaussing Coil April 2009 | url = https://www.onr.navy.mil/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2009/New-Counter-Mine-Technology-Ships.aspx | access-date = 2017-01-09 | archive-date = 18 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210118141340/https://www.onr.navy.mil/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2009/New-Counter-Mine-Technology-Ships.aspx | url-status = dead }}</ref> A ferrous-metal-hulled ship or submarine, by its very nature, develops a magnetic signature as it travels, due to a magneto-mechanical interaction with Earth's magnetic field. It also picks up the magnetic orientation of the Earth's magnetic field where it is built. This signature can be exploited by magnetic mines or facilitate the detection of a submarine by ships or aircraft with [[magnetic anomaly detector|magnetic anomaly detection (MAD)]] equipment. [[Navy|Navies]] use the deperming procedure, in conjunction with degaussing, as a countermeasure against this. Specialized deperming facilities, such as the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Lambert's Point Deperming Station]] at [[Naval Station Norfolk]], or Pacific Fleet Submarine Drive-In Magnetic Silencing Facility (MSF) at [[Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam]], are used to perform the procedure. During a close-wrap magnetic treatment, heavy-gauge [[copper]] cables encircle the hull and superstructure of the vessel, and high electrical currents (up to 4000 [[ampere]]s) are pulsed through the cables.<ref>{{cite book |title=Reduction of a Ship's Magnetic Field Signatures |volume=23 |series=Synthesis lectures on computational electromagnetics |last=Holmes |first=John J. |year=2008 |publisher=Morgan & Claypool |isbn=978-1-59829-248-0 |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=28PCgAGjXCwC&q=Deperming&pg=PA19}}</ref> This has the effect of "resetting" the ship's magnetic signature to the ambient level after flashing its hull with electricity. It is also possible to assign a specific signature that is best suited to the particular area of the world in which the ship will operate. In drive-in magnetic silencing facilities, all cables are either hung above, below and on the sides, or concealed within the structural elements of facilities. Deperming is "permanent". It is only done once unless major repairs or structural modifications are done to the ship.
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