Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Diapsid
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
===Relationships=== Below are [[cladogram|cladograms]] showing the relations of the major groups of diapsids. Cladogram after Bickelmann ''et al.'', 2009<ref name="Bickelmann09">{{cite journal |last1=Bickelmann |first1=Constanze |last2=Müller |first2=Johannes |last3=Reisz |first3=Robert R. |name-list-style=and |year=2009 |title=The enigmatic diapsid ''Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui'' (Reptilia: Neodiapsida) from the Upper Permian of Madagascar and the paraphyly of ''younginiform'' reptiles |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=49 |issue=9 |pages=651–661 |bibcode=2009CaJES..46..651S |doi=10.1139/E09-038}}</ref> and Reisz ''et al.'', 2011:<ref name="Orovenator">{{cite journal |last1=Reisz |first1=Robert R. |last2=Modesto |first2=Sean P. |last3=Scott |first3=Diane M. |name-list-style=and |year=2011 |title=A new Early Permian reptile and its significance in early diapsid evolution |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B |volume=278 |issue=1725 |pages=3731–7 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2011.0439 |pmc=3203498 |pmid=21525061}}</ref> {{clade |1={{clade |label1=[[Sauropsida]] |1={{clade |label1={{extinct}}[[Parareptilia]] |1={{clade |1={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}[[Millerettid]]ae [[Image:Milleretta BW.jpg|50px]] }} |label2= |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1= |1= {{extinct}}''[[Eunotosaurus]]'' }} |label2={{extinct}}[[Hallucicrania]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Lanthanosuchidae]] [[Image:Lanthanosuchus watsoni.jpg|50px]] |label2={{extinct}}[[Procolophonia]] |2={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}[[Procolophonoidea]] [[Image:Sclerosaurus1DB.jpg|50px]] |2={{extinct}}[[Pareiasauromorpha]] [[Image:Scutosaurus BW.jpg|60px]] }} }} }} }} |label2=[[Eureptilia]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1= |1= {{extinct}}[[Captorhinidae]] [[Image:Labidosaurus.jpg|50px]] }} |label2=[[Romeriida]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}''[[Paleothyris]]'' }} |label2='''Diapsida''' |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Araeoscelidia]] |label2=[[Neodiapsida]] |2={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}''[[Orovenator]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}''[[Lanthanolania]]'' |2={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}[[Tangasauridae]] |2={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}[[Younginidae]] |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}''[[Claudiosaurus]]'' }} |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}''[[Palaeagama]]'' |2={{extinct}}''[[Saurosternon]]'' }} }} |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}''[[Coelurosauravus]]'' }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}[[Thalattosauria]] |2={{clade |label1= |1={{extinct}}[[Hupehsuchia]] |2={{extinct}}[[Ichthyopterygia]] }} }} |label2=[[Sauria]] |2={{clade |label1= |1=[[Lepidosauromorpha]] |2=[[Archosauromorpha]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} The cladogram of Lee (2013) below used a combination of genetic (molecular) and fossil (morphological) data.<ref name="scaffold2013">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=M. S. Y. |year=2013 |title=Turtle origins: Insights from phylogenetic retrofitting and molecular scaffolds |journal=Journal of Evolutionary Biology |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=2729–2738 |doi=10.1111/jeb.12268 |pmid=24256520 |s2cid=2106400 |doi-access=free}}</ref> {{clade|{{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Araeoscelidia]] [[Image:Spinoaequalis schultzei reconstruction.jpg|50px]] |label2=Neodiapsida |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}''[[Claudiosaurus]]''[[File:Claudiosaurus white background.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Younginiformes]][[File:Hovasaurus BW flipped.jpg|80px]] |label2=[[Sauria]] |2={{clade |label1=[[Lepidosauromorpha]] |1={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Kuehneosauridae]][[File:Icarosaurus white background.jpg|80px]] |label2=[[Lepidosauria]] |2={{clade |1=[[Rhynchocephalia]] ([[tuatara]] and their extinct relatives)[[File:Hatteria white background.jpg|80px]] |2=[[Squamata]] ([[lizard]]s and [[snake]]s)[[File:British reptiles, amphibians, and fresh-water fishes (1920) (Lacerta agilis).jpg|80px]]}} }} |label2=[[Archosauromorpha]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Choristodera]][[File:Hyphalosaurus_mmartyniuk_wiki.png|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Prolacertiformes]][[File:Prolacerta broomi.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Rhynchosaur]]ia[[File:Hyperodapedon BW2 white background.jpg|80px]] |2={{extinct}}''[[Trilophosaurus]]''[[File:Trilophosaurus buettneri (flipped).jpg|80px]] }} |2=[[Archosauriformes]] ([[Crocodilia|crocodiles]], [[bird]]s, and their extinct relatives) <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Deinosuchus riograndensis.png|80px]]</span> }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=Diapsida}} This second cladogram is based on the 2017 study by Pritchard and Nesbitt.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pritchard |first1=Adam C. |last2=Nesbitt |first2=Sterling J. |date=2017-10-11 |title=A bird-like skull in a Triassic diapsid reptile increases heterogeneity of the morphological and phylogenetic radiation of Diapsida |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=4 |issue=10 |page=170499 |bibcode=2017RSOS....470499P |doi=10.1098/rsos.170499 |issn=2054-5703 |pmc=5666248 |pmid=29134065}}</ref> {{clade|{{clade |1={{extinct}}''[[Orovenator]]''[[File:Orovenator.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Drepanosauromorpha]][[File:Megalancosaurus BW.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Weigeltisauridae]][[File:Weigeltisaurus_reconstruction.png|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}''[[Claudiosaurus]]''[[File:Claudiosaurus white background.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Tangasauridae]][[File:Hovasaurus BW flipped.jpg|80px]] (''[[Hovasaurus]]'', ''[[Thadeosaurus]]'', ''[[Acerosodontosaurus]]'') |2={{extinct}}[[Younginidae]] (''[[Youngina]]''+unnamed species) |label3=[[Sauria]] |3={{clade |1=[[Lepidosauria]][[File:Zoology of Egypt (1898) (Varanus griseus).png|80px]] |label2=[[Archosauromorpha]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}''[[Protorosaurus]]''[[File:Protorosaurus BW.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Tanystropheidae]][[File:Macrocnemus BW.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Rhynchosauria]][[File:Hyperodapedon BW2 white background.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Allokotosauria]][[File:Trilophosaurus buettneri (flipped).jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}''[[Prolacerta]]''[[File:Prolacerta broomi.jpg|80px]] |2=[[Archosauriformes]]<span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Deinosuchus riograndensis.png|80px]]</span> }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=Neodiapsida}} The following cladogram was found by Simões ''et al''. (2022): <ref name="Simões2022" /> {{clade |label1={{vert-label|Neoreptilia}} |{{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Procolophonomorpha]][[File:Scutosaurus BW.jpg|80px]] |label2={{vert-label|'''Neodiapsida'''}} |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Younginiformes]][[File:Hovasaurus BW flipped.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}''[[Eunotosaurus]]'' |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Weigeltisauridae]][[File:Weigeltisaurus_reconstruction.png|80px]] |label2={{vert-label|[[Sauria]]}} |2={{clade |label1=[[Lepidosauromorpha]] |1={{clade |1=[[Rhynchocephalia]] ([[tuatara]] and their extinct relatives)[[File:Hatteria white background.jpg|80px]] |2=[[Squamata]] ([[lizard]]s and [[snake]]s)[[File:British reptiles, amphibians, and fresh-water fishes (1920) (Lacerta agilis).jpg|80px]]}} |label2=[[Archelosauria]] |2={{clade |1=[[Pantestudines]] ([[turtle]]s and extinct relatives)[[File:Erpétologie générale, ou, Histoire naturelle complète des reptiles (Centrochelys sulcata).jpg|50px]] |label2={{vert-label|[[Archosauromorpha]]}} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Ichthyosauromorpha]][[File:Ichthyosaurus BW.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Sauropterygia]] [[File:Dolichorhynchops BW flipped.jpg|80px]] |2={{extinct}}[[Thalattosauria]] [[File:Miodentosaurus BW.jpg|80px]] }} }} |2={{clade |label1={{extinct}}[[Protorosauria]] |1={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Protorosauridae]][[File:Protorosaurus BW.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Tanystropheidae]][[File:Macrocnemus BW.jpg|80px]] |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Drepanosauromorpha]][[File:Megalancosaurus BW.jpg|80px]] |2={{extinct}}[[Kuehneosauridae]][[File:Icarosaurus white background.jpg|80px]] }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{extinct}}[[Allokotosauria]][[File:Trilophosaurus buettneri (flipped).jpg|80px]] |2={{extinct}}[[Rhynchosaur]]ia[[File:Hyperodapedon BW2 white background.jpg|80px]] }} |2=[[Archosauriformes]] ([[Crocodilia|crocodiles]], [[bird]]s, and their extinct relatives) <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Deinosuchus riograndensis.png|80px]]</span> }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)