Editing Dirham (section)

===Dirham in Jewish orthodox law===
The ''dirham'' is frequently mentioned in [[Jewish]] [[Halakha|orthodox law]] as a unit of weight used to measure various requirements in religious functions, such as the weight in silver specie pledged in Marriage Contracts (''[[Ketubbah]]''), the quantity of flour requiring the separation of the [[Hallah (Talmud)|dough-portion]], etc. Jewish physician and philosopher, [[Maimonides]], uses the Egyptian ''dirham'' to approximate the quantity of flour for [[Hallah (Talmud)|dough-portion]], writing in [[Mishnah]] ''[[Eduyot]]'' 1:2: "And I found the rate of the dough-portion in that measurement to be approximately five-hundred and twenty ''dirhams'' of wheat flour, while all these dirhams are the Egyptian [''dirham'']." This view is repeated by [[Yosef Karo|Maran]]'s ''[[Shulhan Arukh]]'' (''Hil. Hallah'', [[Yoreh Deah]] § 324:3) in the name of the [[Arba'ah Turim|Tur]]. In Maimonides' commentary of the Mishnah (''Eduyot'' 1:2, note 18), Rabbi [[Yosef Qafih]] explains that the weight of each Egyptian ''dirham'' was approximately 3.333 grams,<ref>''Mishnah – with a Commentary of Rabbi Moses ben Maimon'', ed. Yosef Qafih, vol. 2 – ''Seder Neziqim'', pub. [[Mossad Harav Kook]]: Jerusalem 1965, p. 189 (Hebrew title: '''משנה עם פירוש הרמב"ם''')</ref>  or what was the equivalent to 16 [[carob]]-grains<ref>''Mishnah – with a Commentary of Rabbi Moses ben Maimon'' (ed. [[Yosef Qafih]]), vol. 3, [[Mossad Harav Kook]]: Jerusalem 1967, s.v. Introduction to Tractate ''Menahoth'', p. 68 (note 35) (Hebrew)</ref> which, when taken together, the minimum weight of flour requiring the separation of the dough-portion comes to approx. 1 kilo and 733 grams. Rabbi [[Ovadiah Yosef]], in his ''Sefer Halikhot ʿOlam'' (vol. 1, pp.&nbsp;288–291),<ref>Ovadiah Yosef, ''Sefer Halikhot ʿOlam'', vol. 1, Jerusalem 2002 (Hebrew title: '''ספר הליכות עולם''')</ref> makes use of a different standard for the Egyptian ''dirham'', saying that it weighed approx. 3.0 grams, meaning the minimum requirement for separating the [[Kohen|priest]]'s portion is 1 kilo and 560 grams. Others (e.g. Rabbi [[Avraham Chaim Naeh]]) say the Egyptian ''dirham'' weighed approx. 3.205 grams,<ref>Ovadiah Yosef, ''Sefer Halikhot ʿOlam'', vol. 1, Jerusalem 2002, p. 288, sec. 11; Abraham Chaim Naeh, [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/37746 ''Sefer Kuntres ha-Shi'urim''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424085842/http://www.hebrewbooks.org/37746 |date=2017-04-24 }}, Jerusalem 1943, p. 4 (Hebrew)</ref> which total weight for the requirement of separating the dough-portion comes to 1 kilo and 666 grams. Rabbi Shelomo Qorah (Chief Rabbi of [[Bnei Barak]]) wrote that the traditional weight used in [[Yemen]] for each ''dirham'' weighed 3.20 grams for a total of 31.5 ''dirhams'' given as the redemption of one's firstborn son (''[[pidyon haben]]''), or 3.36 grams for the 30 ''dirhams'' required by the [[Shulchan Aruch|Shulhan Arukh]] (''Yoreh De'ah'' 305:1),<ref>Shelomo Qorah, ''ʿArikhat Shūlḥan - Yilqūṭ Ḥayyīm'', vol. 13 (Principles of Instruction and Tradition), Benei Barak 2012, p. 206 (Hebrew title: '''עריכת שולחן - ילקוט חיים''') {{OCLC|762505465}}</ref> and which in relation to the separation of the dough-portion made for a total weight of 1 kilo and 770.72 grams.

The word ''drachmon'' ({{Langx|he|דרכמון}}), used in some translations of Maimonides' commentary of the [[Mishnah]], has in all places the same connotation as ''dirham''.<ref>''Mishnah – with a Commentary of Rabbi Moses ben Maimon'', ed. Yosef Qafih, vol. 3 – ''Seder Kodashim'', pub. [[Mossad Harav Kook]]: Jerusalem 1967, s.v. Introduction to Tractate ''Menahoth'', p. 68 (note 35) (Hebrew title: '''משנה עם פירוש הרמב"ם''')</ref>