Editing Djerba (section)

=== Middle Ages ===
==== Islamic conquest ====
During the [[Early Muslim conquests]] by the Arabs, Djerba was among the places included in the Arab conquest at the hands of [[Ruwayfi ibn Thabit|Ruwayfi ibn Thabit al-Ansari]] in the year 665 during the invasion of Tunisia by [[Mu'awiya ibn Hudaij]], in which the Ibadi sect prevailed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=صحابة زاروا تونس : رويفع بن ثابت الأنصاري (القائد الزاهد المتوكل على الله) |language=ar |url=https://www.turess.com/alchourouk/561126 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=turess.com}}</ref>

Then it became "Afriqiya" after its conquest under the rule of the governors, and their reign lasted for nearly a century from 716 to 800. The state went through several disturbances until the [[Aghlabid dynasty|Aghlabid state]], which was in dispute with the [[Rustamid dynasty|Rustumid state]] in Algeria. Djerba was sometimes subordinate to the Aghlabids and sometimes to the Rustamids, but it was always semi-independent, until the establishment of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]], which controlled the area from 909 to 972. The island then became part of the possession of emir [[Buluggin ibn Ziri|Bulukīn ibn Zīrī]] al-Sanhaji, whom [[al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah|al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah al-Fatimi]] appointed as ruler of [[Ifriqiya]] after the [[Fatimids]] moved their capital to [[Cairo]].

The Sanhaji state went through two successive stages: an era of prosperity and an era of turmoil. In the first stage, Kairouan experienced prosperity for 78 years until the arrival of the [[Banu Hilal|Hilalids]] in the year 1049. As for the second stage, Djerba suffered many calamities due to the invasions it was exposed to. Perhaps the most prominent of these was when “[[Roger II of Sicily|Rogar al-Narmandi]]”, conquered the stronghold in 1135 in response to repeated piracy in the Mediterranean. After its subjugation, the town's women and children were sent to Sicily, despite the violent resistance shown by the pirate lords and local folk. Djerba remained under [[Kingdom of Africa|Norman occupation]] from 1135 to 1159. Over two decades later however, while the Normans and their ruler [[William I of Sicily|William I]], were primarily focused on their [[Byzantine–Norman wars|massive invasion of the Byzantine Empire in 1185]], the [[Almohad Caliphate]], with its origins in the sandy deserts of [[Morocco]], "woke up from its slumber and remembered that its enemy was sitting on a cherished piece of its soil. It prepared a large army in a huge fleet, forced the Frankish garrison to withdraw, and the island entered the rule of the Almohads." The control of the island later passed down to the [[Berbers|Berber]] [[Hafsid dynasty]] by early 13th century.

==== From the sixteenth to the nineteenth century ====
The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] entered a part of Africa in 1574 and made it an Ottoman province, similar to what they did in the Central Maghreb in 1519-1520 and in Tripoli in 1551. However, this Tunisian province, which was formed at a later date, soon developed its political system before its Algerian and Tripolitan neighbors since the late 16th century. At that time, the rule of the Dey with sole authority appeared (in the first half of the 17th century), then a semi-monarchical hereditary system during the era of the Muradid Beys (1628-1702) and then the Husseinis (after 1705). These Husseinis succeeded in building the edifice of a state firmly established in the country and enjoying broad independence from external powers (Istanbul or the Dey of Algiers), especially during the reign of Hammuda Pasha (1782-1814).

The two giant empires - the Ottoman and the Spanish - took advantage of the weakness of the Hafsid state to intervene in Tunisia from 1534-1535. In addition to the island of Djerba, Darguth Pasha was able to occupy Gafsa in 1556 and Kairouan (the capital of the Almoravid Emirate of Chabia) in 1557, and the Bayler Bey (Supreme Commander) “Ali Pasha” or “Alaj Ali” entered the city of Tunis. In 1569, before the Spanish evacuated him from it in 1573.

The Ottoman Sultan Selim II decided to eradicate the Spaniards from Tunisia for strategic reasons (monitoring the southern bank of the Strait of Sicily), political reasons (completed the occupation of the countries of this bank from Egypt to the borders of the Far Maghreb), and religious reasons (jihad was one of the constants of Ottoman policy). With the help of the people, the Ottomans were able to storm the huge fortress of La Goulette, then seize Tunis and completely eliminate the Spanish presence during the summer of 1574.

The modern era opened with a deep crisis in all Maghrebian countries, including Tunisia, which ended with the Ottomans’ accession there and its transformation into an Ottoman province.

However, its political system quickly developed during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries into an independent “semi-national monarchy” with only formal ties of loyalty to Istanbul. They control (varyingly according to the regions and groups) a specific space that is different from the space of the neighbouring provinces.

Then Tunisia fell into the trap of colonialism, as German Chancellor Bismarck declared to the French ambassador in Berlin (January 4, 1879): “The Tunisian pear has ripened and it is time for you to pick it...” Indeed, since the first third of the nineteenth century, the conditions of the Tunisian province have gradually deteriorated and worsened under the pressure of the rising European expansionist powers, until the province stabilized in a comprehensive crisis that facilitated the French intervention in 1881.

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the island witnessed radical transformations, and perhaps the most prominent thing that distinguishes this era is the migration of its people to engage in trade in some Islamic cities and Tunisian cities. During the period of French rule, the people of the island had an effective contribution to the Tunisian national movement. Following independence, Djerba became one of the most prominent Tunisian tourist attractions and a destination for tourists from all over the world.