Editing Do it yourself (section)

== Subculture ==
{{see also|Maker culture}}
[[File:Vehicle at Maker Faire, San Mateo, 2016.jpg|thumb|DIY vehicle at Maker Faire, [[San Mateo, California|San Mateo]], 2016]]
DIY as a subculture was brought forward by [[Punk subculture|the punk movement]] of the 1970s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Triggs|first1=Teal|date=March 2006|title=Triggs, Teal (2006) Scissors and Glue: Punk Fanzines and the Creation of a DIY Aesthetic, in "Journal of Design History", vo. 19, n. 1, pp. 69–83.|journal=Journal of Design History|volume=19|issue=1|pages=69–83|doi=10.1093/jdh/epk006|quote="Yet, it remains within the subculture of punk music where the homemade, A4, stapled and photocopied fanzines of the late 1970s fostered the "do-it-yourself" (DIY) production techniques of cut-n-paste letterforms, photocopied and collaged images, hand-scrawled and typewritten texts, to create a recognizable graphic design aesthetic."|s2cid=154677104}}</ref> Instead of traditional means of bands reaching their audiences through large music labels, bands began recording, manufacturing albums and merchandise, booking their own tours, and creating opportunities for smaller bands to get wider recognition through repetitive low-cost DIY touring. The burgeoning [[zine]] movement took up coverage of and promotion of the [[Underground music|underground]] punk scenes, and significantly altered the way fans interacted with musicians. Zines quickly branched off from being hand-made music magazines to become more personal; they quickly became one of the youth culture's gateways to DIY culture. This led to tutorial zines showing others how to make their own shirts, posters, zines, books, food, etc.

The terms "DIY" and "do-it-yourself" are also used to describe:
[[File:Zines-fromlondonsymp07.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Zine]]s, London]]
* [[Self-publishing]] books, [[zines]], ''[[doujin]]'', and [[alternative comics]]
* Bands or solo artists releasing their music on self-funded record labels.
* Trading of mixtapes as part of [[cassette culture]]
* The international [[mail art]] network which circumvents galleries and official art institutions by creating a precursor to [[social network|social networking]].
* Homemade stuffs based on the principles of "[[Recycle]], [[Reuse]] & [[Reduce (waste)|Reduce]]" (the [[Waste hierarchy|3R's]]). A common term in many [[Environmental movement]]s encouraging people to reuse old, used objects found in their homes and to recycle simple materials like paper.
* [[Crafts]] such as [[knitting]], [[crochet]], [[sewing]], [[handmade jewelry]], [[ceramic art|ceramics]]
* Designing business cards, invitations and so on
* Creating [[punk subculture|punk]] or [[Independent music|indie]] musical merchandise through the use of recycling [[Charity shop|thrift store]] or discarded materials, usually decorated with art applied by [[silk screen]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.diehippiedie.com/screwball/diyshirt.html|title = DIY guide to screen printing t-shirts for cheap|access-date = 2007-09-24|quote = "Ever wonder where bands get their T-shirts made? Some of them probably go to the local screen printers and pay a bunch of money to have their shirts made up, then they have to turn around and sell them to you for a high price. Others go the smart route, and do it themselves. Here's a quick how-to on the cheap way to going about making T-shirts."}}</ref>
* [[Independent game development]] and [[Mod (computer gaming)|game modding]]
* Contemporary [[roller derby]]
* Skateparks built by skateboarders without paid professional assistance
* Building musical electronic circuits such as the [[Atari Punk Console]] and create [[circuit bending]] noise machines from vintage children toys.
* Modifying ("modding") common products to allow extended or unintended uses, commonly referred to by the internet term, "life-hacking".  Related to [[jury-rigging]] i.e. sloppy/ unlikely mods
* [[Hobby]] electronics or in [[amateur radio]] equipment producing.
* DIY science: using [[open-source hardware]] to make [[scientific equipment]] to conduct [[citizen science]] or simply low-cost traditional science<ref>Pearce, Joshua M. 2012. "[https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1228183 Building Research Equipment with Free, Open-Source Hardware.]" ''Science'' '''337''' (6100): 1303–1304.[https://mtu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce/Papers/1867941/Open_Source_Research_in_Sustainability open access]</ref>
** Using low-cost [[single-board computer]]s, such as [[Arduino]] and [[Raspberry Pi]], as [[embedded system]]s with various applications
** [[DIY bio]]
[[File:NYCR Barbot.jpg|thumb|Drink mixing robot]]
* Use of a custom [[Linux distribution]] catered for a specific purpose.
* Building a custom [[synthesizer]]. 
* Use of [[FPGA|FPGAs]].
* [[Privately made firearms]]
* [[taxidermy|Taxidermyizing]] the scores of [[hunting]] or [[fishing]] expeditions.

===Music===
{{see also|Guerrilla gig|Independent music|Lo-fi music}}
Much contemporary DIY music has its origins in the late 1970s [[punk rock]] subculture.<ref name=diyspace>{{cite web|last1=Mumford|first1=Gwilym|title=Eagulls, Hookworms, Joanna Gruesome: how UK music scenes are going DIY|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/dec/06/hookworms-joanna-gruesome-uk-diy-music|work=The Guardian|date=6 December 2014|access-date=9 June 2015}}</ref> It developed as a way to circumnavigate the corporate mainstream [[music industry]].<ref name=albini>{{cite web|last1=Albini|first1=Steve|title=Steve Albini on the surprisingly sturdy state of the music industry – in full|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/nov/17/steve-albinis-keynote-address-at-face-the-music-in-full|work=The Guardian|date=17 November 2014|access-date=9 June 2015}}</ref> By controlling the entire production and distribution chain, DIY bands attempt to develop a closer relationship between artists and fans. The DIY ethic gives total control over the final product without need to compromise with record major labels.<ref name=albini/>

According to the punk aesthetic, one can express oneself and produce moving and serious works with limited means.<ref>[[David Byrne]], Jeremy Deller, [http://www.davidbyrne.com/news/press/articles/modernpainters_2010.php ''Audio Games''], in ''[[Modern Painters (magazine)|Modern Painters]]'', March 1, 2010. "I think I embrace a bit of the punk aesthetic that one can express oneself with two chords if that's all you know, and likewise one can make a great film with limited means or skills or clothes or furniture. It's just as moving and serious as works that employ great skill and craft sometimes. Granted, when you learn that third chord, or more, you don't have to continue making 'simple' things, unless you want to. Sometimes that's a problem."</ref> Arguably, the earliest example of this attitude{{failed verification|date=December 2019}} was the punk music scene of the 1970s.<ref>{{cite journal |url = http://jdh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/1/69|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060630085418/http://jdh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/1/69|archive-date = 2006-06-30|title = Oxford Journal of Design History Webpage| journal=Journal of Design History | date=March 2006 | volume=19 | issue=1 | pages=69–83 | doi=10.1093/jdh/epk006 |access-date = 2007-09-24|quote = "Yet, it remains within the subculture of punk music where the homemade, A4, stapled and photocopied fanzines of the late 1970s fostered the 'do-it-yourself' (DIY) production techniques of cut-n-paste letterforms, photocopied and collaged images, hand-scrawled and typewritten texts, to create a recognizable graphic design aesthetic." | last1=Triggs | first1=Teal | url-access=subscription }}</ref>

More recently, the orthodox understanding that DIY originates in 1970s punk, with its clearest practices being in the self-produced 7" single and self-published fanzines, has been challenged. As George McKay asks in the title of his 2023 article: 'Was punk DIY? Is DIY punk?' McKay argues instead for what he terms a 'depunking' of DIY.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/27538702231216190 | doi=10.1177/27538702231216190 | title=Was punk DIY? Is DIY punk? Interrogating the DIY/Punk nexus, with particular reference to the early UK punk scene, ''c'' . 1976–1984 | date=2024 | last1=McKay | first1=George | journal=Diy, Alternative Cultures & Society | volume=2 | pages=94–109 | doi-access=free }}</ref> 

[[Riot grrrl]], associated with [[third-wave feminism]], also adopted the core values of the DIY punk ethic by leveraging creative ways of communication through [[zines]] and other projects.<ref>{{Cite news | last1 = Bennet | first1 = Andy | last2 =Peterson | first2 =Richard A. | title = Music scenes: local, translocal and virtuas | pages = 116–117 | year = 2004 | publisher = Vanderbilt University Press | isbn = 978-0-8265-1451-6 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=zrGa3vYOoZgC&q=do%20it%20yourself%20riot%20grrrl&pg=PA115 }}</ref>

Adherents of the DIY punk ethic also work collectively. For example, punk impresario [[David Ferguson (impresario)|David Ferguson]]'s [[David Ferguson (impresario)#CD Presents|CD Presents]] was a DIY [[concert production]], [[recording studio]], and [[record label]] network.<ref>{{Cite news | last = Jarrell | first = Joe | title = Putting Punk in Place--Among the Classics | newspaper = [[San Francisco Chronicle]] | pages = PK–45 | date = 26 September 2004 | url =http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/09/26/PKGVR8RVV91.DTL }}</ref>

===Film===
{{main|Guerrilla filmmaking}}
A form of independent filmmaking characterized by low budgets, skeleton crews, and simple props using whatever is available.

===By country===

As a means of adaptation during the Cuban [[Special Period]] times of economic crisis, ''resolver'' ("to resolve") became an important part of Cuban culture. ''Resolver'' refers to a spirit of resourcefulness and do-it-yourself problem solving.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=García Martínez |first1=Antonio |title=Inside Cuba's D.I.Y. Internet Revolution |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=2017-07-26 |url=https://www.wired.com/2017/07/inside-cubas-diy-internet-revolution |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

====India====
{{main|Jugaad}}
Jugaad is a colloquial [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Marathi script|Marathi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] and [[Urdu]] word, which refers to a non-conventional, frugal innovation, often termed a "[[life hack|hack]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=जुगाड़ | trans-title = creative improvisation |url=http://www.aamboli.com/translate?word=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC|website= aamboli.com | language=hi}}</ref> It could also refer to an innovative fix or a simple work-around, a solution that bends the rules, or a resource that can be used in such a way. It is also often used to signify creativity: to make existing things work, or to create new things with meager resources.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yuke |title=Jugaad |url=https://www.appropedia.org/Jugaad |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=Appropedia, the sustainability wiki |language=en}}</ref>

====United States====
{{main| Rasquache}}
Rasquache is the English form of the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] term ''rascuache'', originally with a negative connotation in [[Mexico]] it was recontextualized by the Mexican and Chicano arts movement to describe a specific artistic aesthetic, ''Rasquachismo'', suited to overcoming material and professional limitations faced by artists in the movement.<ref name="Smithsonian">{{Cite news |date=2017-01-31 |title=A lesson in "rasquachismo" art: Chicano aesthetics & the "sensibilities of the barrio" |language=en-US |work=Smithsonian Insider |url=https://insider.si.edu/2017/01/lesson-rasquachismo-chicano-asthetics-taste-underdog/ |access-date=2018-04-20}}</ref>