Editing Dole plc (section)

===1900{{endash}}1969: Expansion and acquisition===
{{See also|Standard Fruit Company}}
[[File:James Drummond Dole.jpg|thumb|James Drummond Dole founded the Hawaiian Pineapple Company in 1901.]]
[[File:Dole juice newspaper ad.png|thumb|An ad for Dole pineapple juice, circa 1910.]]

In 1899, industrialist [[James Dole]] moved to Hawaii. James was the cousin of [[Sanford B. Dole]], who had helped [[Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom|overthrow the Kingdom of Hawaii]] in 1893, and became the governor of Hawaii in 1898.<ref name="Nisei Veterans Legacy 2022">{{cite web | title=Hawaiian Monarchy Overthrown; Territory of Hawaii | website=Nisei Veterans Legacy | date=2022-08-31 | url=https://www.nvlchawaii.org/hawaiian-monarchy-overthrown-territory-of-hawaii/ | access-date=2023-04-01}}</ref> Two years after James Dole's arrival, he formed the Hawaiian Pineapple Company (HPC). The HPC delivered its first shipment of canned [[pineapple]] in 1903.<ref name="Smith1">{{cite news |title=It's Pineapple Season, But Does Your Fruit Come From Hawaii? |last1=Rhodes |first1=Jesse |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/its-pineapple-season-but-does-your-fruit-come-from-hawaii-5211854/ |work=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |date=20 March 2013 |accessdate=2 June 2022}}</ref> Early products of the Hawaiian Pineapple Company were not marketed under a particular brand name, often assuming the names of the distributors.{{r|"Hawkins"|page=150}} In the early 20th century, pineapple was still relatively unknown, and James Dole and other growers mounted a marketing campaign in magazines in what the company now refers to as one of the first nationwide advertising campaigns in the United States.<ref name="TT1">{{cite news |title=The Real Reason Americans Often Associate Pineapples With Hawaii |last1=Leigh |first1=Wendy |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/861416/the-real-reason-americans-often-associate-pineapples-with-hawaii/ |work=[[Tasting Table]] |date=12 May 2022 |accessdate=17 May 2022}}</ref> In 1927, the HPC began stamping its cans with the Dole brand name, with numbers to indicate the [[food grading|grade]]. These stamps ensured the Dole name would still be visible even if the label was changed by a distributor.{{r|"Hawkins"|p=154}}

The company made technological advances in the early decades of the 20th century in processing the fruit{{emdash}}most notably the [[Henry Gabriel Ginaca#The "Ginaca Machine"|Ginaca Machine]], created in 1911{{emdash}}that made canning pineapple commercially viable.<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news |title=Perhaps you hadn't heard, but Hawaii almost lost its pineapples |last1=Trumbull |first1=Robert |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/12/21/archives/perhaps-you-hadnt-heard-but-hawaii-almost-lost-its-pineapples.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=21 December 1980 |accessdate=1 June 2022}}</ref> In 1922, Dole purchased the Hawaiian island [[Lanai]] and turned it into the largest pineapple plantation in the world.<ref name="Hawaii1">{{cite news |title=End of an era: Maui Land & Pineapple closing its pineapple operations |last1=Paiva |first1=Derek |url=https://www.hawaiimagazine.com/end-of-an-era-maui-land-pineapple-closing-its-pineapple-operations/ |work=Hawaii Magazine |date=4 November 2009 |accessdate=18 May 2022}}</ref> The same year, Castle & Cooke acquired 33% of the company via lease agreement. In 1927, the HPC began stamping its cans with the "Dole" brand.<ref name="Hawkins">{{cite journal |last1=Hawkins |first1=Richard A. |title=James D. Dole and the 1932 Failure of the Hawaiian Pineapple Company |journal=[[The Hawaiian Journal of History]] |date=2007 |volume=41 |pages=149–170 |url=https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/12232/1/HJH41_149-170.pdf |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref>{{rp|151,154}} By the end of the 1920s, the company grew more than 75% of all pineapples in the world. However, the Hawaiian Pineapple Company struggled to stay financially sound during the [[Great Depression]] and Castle & Cooke took control of it in 1932.<ref name="BT1">{{cite news |title=North Dakota native leads Hawaiian company |last1=Eriksmoen |first1=Curt |url= |work=[[The Bismarck Tribune]] |date=24 January 2016 |accessdate=}}</ref>{{r|"Hawkins"|p=149}} The HPC was renamed the "Dole Company" and became a subsidiary of Castle & Cooke in 1961. Two years later, the company began expanding its fruit growing operations into southeast Asia, opening plantations and canneries in [[the Philippines]] and [[Thailand]].<ref name="NYT1"/>

While the HPC was getting established, the tropical fruit trade was growing in [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]], primarily with the banana trade. One of the major players in that trade, the Standard Fruit and Steamship Company, was established in 1906 by the [[Vaccaro brothers]] and Salvador D'Antoni as Vaccaro Brothers and Company. However, the quartet had been making shipments of tropical fruit such as bananas and [[coconuts]], as well as other items, since 1899.<ref name="Karnes">{{cite book |last1=Karnes |first1=Thomas L. |title=Tropical enterprise : the Standard Fruit and Steamship Company in Latin America |date=1978 |publisher=[[Louisiana State University Press]] |location=[[Baton Rouge, Louisiana|Baton Rouge]], [[Louisiana|Louis.]] |isbn=978-0-8071-0395-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/tropicalenterpri00karn |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref>{{rp|2,4,16}} The firm grew rapidly in its early years, establishing a headquarters in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]], purchasing housing and cargo ships, and building rail and telephone lines at its plantations.{{r|"Karnes"|page=14,16}} The company's rapid growth has been attributed to the destruction of property records in the early 20th century, leading the firm to take control of large swaths of land with the support of the Honduran government.<ref name="Koeppel">{{cite book |author1=Koeppel, Dan |author1-link=Dan Koeppel |title=Banana: The Fate of the Fruit that Changed the World |date=2008 |publisher=[[Hudson Street Press]] |location=[[New York (state)|New York]] |isbn=9781101213919 |access-date=7 June 2022 |url=https://archive.org/details/bananafateoffrui00koep}}</ref>{{rp|145}} In 1924, the firm went public as the Standard Fruit and Steamship Company.{{r|"Karnes"|page=91-92}} In the 1920s, as [[Panama disease]] was destroying crops of the [[Gros Michel banana]], Standard Fruit began looking for other cultivars to grow, settling on the [[Cavendish banana]]. Switching to the Cavendish allowed Standard Fruit to become the largest banana producer in the world by the 1960s.<ref name="CNBC1">{{cite news |title=The banana business of Chiquita, Fresh Del Monte, and Dole is at risk due to a deadly fungus |last1=Shedd |first1=Karin |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2019/04/18/bananas-sold-by-chiquita-fresh-del-monte-and-dole-face-extinction-because-of-fungus.html#:~:text=The%20banana%20business%20of%20Chiquita,America's%20favorite%20fruit%3A%20the%20banana. |work=[[CNBC]] |date=19 April 2019 |accessdate=9 June 2022}}</ref> Standard Fruit merged with Castle & Cooke in 1968.{{r|"Karnes"|p=292-293}}

While these companies were forming in the United States, the McCanns expanded their operations in Ireland, opening a store in [[Dundalk]] in 1902.<ref name="II1">{{cite news |title=One of Dundalk's most successful and extraordinary businessmen |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/argus/news/one-of-dundalks-most-successful-and-extraordinary-businessmen-26955582.html |work=[[Irish Independent]] |date=3 August 2011 |accessdate=7 June 2022}}</ref> In the 1950s, the McCanns began consolidating with other companies in Ireland, creating United Fruit Importers and then Fruit Importers of Ireland, which became a publicly traded company.<ref name="IT2">{{cite news |title=Elder statesman of Irish business |last1= |first1= |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/elder-statesman-of-irish-business-1.613539 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=30 July 2011 |accessdate=7 June 2022}}</ref>