Editing Dutch Formosa (section)

=== Colonization ===
{{main|Lamey Island Massacre|Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa}}
When the Dutch arrived in Taiwan, they found the southwest already frequented by a mostly transient Chinese population numbering close to 1,500.{{sfnp|Andrade|2008|loc=chapter 6, note 5}} On deciding to set up in Taiwan and in common with standard practice at the time, the Dutch built a defensive fort to act as a base of operations. This was built on the sandy peninsula of ''Taoyuan''{{sfnp|Valentijn|1903|p=52|ps=: quoting [[Pieter Nuyts|Nuyts, Pieter]] (10 February 1629)}} (now part of mainland Taiwan, in current-day [[Anping District]]). This temporary fort was replaced four years later by the more substantial [[Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)|Fort Zeelandia]].{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=13}} By 1626 there were 404 soldiers and 46 artillery specialists manning the fort. According to Salvador Diaz, a Portuguese man working with Chinese pirates to undermine the Dutch presence in favor of the Portuguese, there were only 320 Dutch soldiers and they were "short, miserable, and very dirty."{{sfn|Andrade|2008b}}

In 1624, the Dutch ship ''Golden Lion'' (Dutch: ''Gouden Leeuw'') crashed into the coral reefs of [[Hsiao Liuchiu|Lamey]] and its crew was killed by the natives. In 1631, another ship wrecked on the reefs and its survivors were also killed by the inhabitants of Liuqiu Island.{{sfn|Blussé|2000|p=144–145}} In 1633, an expedition consisting of 250 Dutch soldiers, 40 Chinese pirates, and 250 Taiwanese natives were sent against Liuqiu Island but met with little success.{{sfn|Blussé|2000}}

The Dutch allied with Sinkan, a small village that provided them with firewood, venison and fish.{{sfnp|van Veen|2003|p=142}} In 1625, they bought a piece of land from the Sinkanders and built the town of [[Fort Provintia|Sakam]] for Dutch and Chinese merchants.{{sfnp|Shepherd|1993|p=37}} Initially the other villages maintained peace with the Dutch but a series of events from 1625 to 1629 eroded this peace. In 1625, the Dutch attacked 170 Chinese pirates in Wankan but were driven off, damaging their reputation. Encouraged by the Dutch failure, Mattau warriors raided Sinkan, believing that the Dutch could not defend them. The Dutch returned with their ships and drove off the pirates later, restoring their reputation. Mattau was then forced to return the property stolen from Sinkan and make reparation. The people of Sinkan then attacked Mattau and Baccluan before seeking the Dutch for protection. Feeling that the Dutch could not sufficiently protect them, the people of Sinkan went to Japan for protection. In 1629, [[Pieter Nuyts]] visited Sinkan with 60 musketeers. After leaving the next morning, the musketeers were killed in an ambush by Mattau and Soulang warriors while crossing a stream. Nuyts avoided the ambush since he left the evening prior.{{sfn|Andrade|2008b}}

On 23 November 1629, an expedition set out and burned most of Baccluan, killing many of its people, who the Dutch believed harbored proponents of the previous massacre. Baccluan, Mattau, and Soulang people continued to harass company employees in the following years. This changed in late 1633 when Mattau and Soulang went to war with each other. Mattau won the fight but the Dutch were able to exploit the division.{{sfn|Andrade|2008b}}

In 1634, Batavia sent reinforcements. In 1635, 475 soldiers from Batavia arrived in Taiwan.{{sfnp|van Veen|2003|p=149}} By this point even Sinkan was on bad terms with the Dutch. Soldiers were sent into the village and arrested those who plotted rebellion. In the winter of 1635 the Dutch defeated Mattau, who had been troubling them since 1623. Baccluan, north of the town of Sakam, was also defeated. In 1636, a large expedition was sent against Liuqiu Island. The Dutch and their allies chased about 300 inhabitants into caves, sealed the entrances, and killed them with poisonous fumes over eight days. The native population of 1100 was removed from the island.{{sfnp|Blussé|Everts|2000}} They were enslaved with the men sent to Batavia while the women and children became servants and wives for the Dutch officers. The Dutch planned to depopulate the outlying islands while working closely with allied natives.{{sfnp|Everts|2000|pp=151–155}} The villages of Taccariang, Soulang, and Tevorang were also pacified.{{sfn|Andrade|2008b}} In 1642, the Dutch massacred the people of Liuqiu island again.<ref name=LeeYuchung>{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Yuchung |title=荷西時期總論 (Dutch and Spanish period of Taiwan) |url=http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/en/content?ID=1214 |publisher=Council for Cultural Affairs |access-date=29 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002944/http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/en/content?ID=1214 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Some Dutch [[missionaries]] were killed by aboriginals whom they had tried to convert: "The catechist, Daniel Hendrickx, whose name has been often mentioned, accompanied this expedition to the south, as his great knowledge of the Formosa language and his familiar intercourse with the natives, rendered his services very valuable. On reaching the island of Pangsuy, he ventured—perhaps with overweening confidence in himself— too far away from the others, and was suddenly surrounded by a great number of armed natives, who, after killing him, carried away in triumph his head, arms, legs, and other members, even his entrails, leaving the mutilated trunk behind."<ref>{{cite book |title=An account of missionary success in the island of Formosa: translated from the original Dutch version by Caspar Sibelius, published in London in 1650 and now reprinted with copious appendices |volume=1 |year=1889 |first=William |last=Campbell |author-link=William Campbell (missionary) |publisher=Trübner & Co |location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/anaccountofmissi01campuoft/page/197 197]–198 |url=https://archive.org/details/anaccountofmissi01campuoft |access-date=June 15, 2023 |ol=25396942M |oclc=607710307 |quote=20 November. – The catechist, Daniel Hendrickx, whose name has been often mentioned, accompanied this expedition to the south, as his great knowledge of the Formosa language and his familiar intercourse with the natives, rendered his services very valuable. On reaching the island of Pangsuy, he ventured—perhaps with overweening confidence in himself— too far away from the others, and was suddenly surrounded by a great number of armed natives, who, after killing him, carried away in triumph his head, arms, legs, and other members, even his entrails, leaving the mutilated trunk behind.}}</ref>