Editing EFF DES cracker (section)

==Technology==
Deep Crack was designed by [[Cryptography Research|Cryptography Research, Inc.]], Advanced Wireless Technologies, and the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation|EFF]]. The principal designer was [[Paul Carl Kocher|Paul Kocher]], president of Cryptography Research. Advanced Wireless Technologies built 1,856 custom [[Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC]] DES chips (called ''Deep Crack'' or ''AWT-4500''), housed on 29 circuit boards of 64 chips each. The boards were then fitted in six cabinets and mounted in a [[Sun-4|Sun-4/470]] chassis.<ref name="EUmKi">{{cite book|title=Cracking DES – Secrets of Encryption Research, Wiretap Politics & Chip Design|author=Electronic Frontier Foundation|isbn=1-56592-520-3|publisher=Oreilly & Associates Inc|year=1998|url=https://archive.org/details/crackingdes00elec|df=mdy-all|url-access=registration}}</ref>
[[File:Paul kocher deepcrack.jpg|thumb|Paul Kocher of Cryptography Research posing in front of Deep Crack]]
The search was coordinated by a single PC which assigned ranges of keys to the chips. The entire machine was capable of testing over 90 billion keys per second. It would take about 9 days to test every possible key at that rate. On average, the correct key would be found in half that time.

In 2006, another [[custom hardware attack]] machine was designed based on [[FPGA]]s. [[COPACOBANA]] (COst-optimized PArallel COdeBreaker) is able to crack DES at considerably lower cost.<ref name="6yCLD">{{cite web|url=http://www.sciengines.com/copacobana/faq.html|title=COPACOBANA – Special-Purpose Hardware for Code-Breaking|website=www.sciengines.com|access-date=April 26, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724092435/http://www.sciengines.com/copacobana/faq.html|archive-date=July 24, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> This advantage is mainly due to progress in [[integrated circuit]] technology. 

In July 2012, security researchers David Hulton and [[Moxie Marlinspike]] unveiled a cloud computing tool for breaking the [[MS-CHAPv2]] protocol by recovering the protocol's DES encryption keys by brute force.  This tool effectively allows members of the general public to recover a DES key from a known plaintext–ciphertext pair in about 24 hours.<ref name="IkxJV">{{cite web |url=https://www.cloudcracker.com/blog/2012/07/29/cracking-ms-chap-v2/ |title=Divide and Conquer: Cracking MS-CHAPv2 with a 100% success rate |website=CloudCracker.com |date=2012-07-29 |access-date=2016-03-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316174007/https://www.cloudcracker.com/blog/2012/07/29/cracking-ms-chap-v2/ |archive-date=March 16, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>