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==History== The site of Tel Miqne was lightly occupied beginning in the [[Chalcolithic]] period and up to the [[Early Bronze Age]]. ===Middle Bronze IIB=== After a 400-year gap when only the upper tel was occupied, the city underwent a major expansion ''c.''1600 BCE, under the Canaanites. In Stratum XI (MB IIB) both the Upper City and Lower City was occupied. Later, the occupation would retreat to the Upper City. ===Late Bronze=== The Canaanite city had shrunk in the years before its main public building burned in the 13th century BCE, during the [[Bronze Age collapse]], a period of general devastation associated with the [[Sea Peoples]]. ===Iron Age=== ====Iron Age I==== It was re-established by Philistines at the beginning of the Iron Age, ''c.''12th century BCE. During the [[Iron Age]], Ekron was a border city on the frontier contested between [[Philistia]] and the [[kingdom of Judah]]. ====Iron Age IIC==== [[File:Ekron005.jpg|thumb|Olive oil press found in Tel Miqne]]Records of the [[Neo-Assyrian Empire]] also refer to Ekron, as ''Amqarrūna''.<ref>Seymour Gitin, 'Philistines in the Book of Kings,' in [[André Lemaire]], Baruch Halpern, Matthew Joel Adams (eds.)[https://books.google.com/books?id=1SXbIFYu-ZAC&pg=PA312 ''The Books of Kings: Sources, Composition, Historiography and Reception,''] BRILL, 2010 pp.301–363, for the Neo-Assyrian sources p.312: The four city-states of the late Philistine period (Iron Age II) are ''Amqarrūna'' (Ekron), ''Asdūdu'' ([[Ashdod]]), ''Hāzat'' ([[Gaza City|Gaza]]), and ''Isqalūna'' ([[Ascalon]]), with the former fifth capital, [[Gath (city)|Gath]], having been abandoned at this late phase.</ref> The siege of Ekron in [[712 BCE]] is depicted on one of [[Sargon II]]'s wall reliefs in his palace at [[Khorsabad]], which names the city. Ekron revolted against [[Sennacherib]] and expelled Padi, his governor, who was sent to [[Hezekiah]], King of Judah, for safe-keeping in Jerusalem. Sennacherib marched against Ekron and the Ekronites called upon the aid of the king of Mutsri from northwest Arabia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/E/ekron-ekronite.html|title=Ekron; Ekronite in the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia}}</ref> Sennacherib turned aside to defeat this army, which he did at [[Eltekeh]], and then returned and took the city by storm, put to death the leaders of the revolt and carried their adherents into captivity. This campaign led to the famous attack of Sennacherib on Hezekiah and Jerusalem, in which Sennacherib compelled Hezekiah to restore Padi, who was reinstated as governor at Ekron. The Philistine city of Ekron is specifically named in the Aramaic stele ([[Sennacherib's Annals|Oriental Institute Prism]]) detailing Sennacherib's exploits in the land of Judah: <blockquote>The cities of his (i.e. Hezekiah's), which I had despoiled, I cut off from his land and to [[Mitinti]], king of Ashdod, [and to] Padi, king of Ekron, [and to] Silli-bel, king of Gaza, I gave. And (thus) I diminished his land.<ref>{{cite book|last=Luckenbill |first=D.D. |author-link=Daniel David Luckenbill |editor=James Henry Breasted |title=The Annals of Sennacherib|volume=2 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |date=1924|pages=32–33|oclc=610530695|url=https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/oip-2-annals-sennacherib }} (Reprint 2005)</ref></blockquote> [[Ashdod]] and Ekron survived to become powerful city-states dominated by the Assyrians in the 7th century BCE. The city was later destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian king [[Nebuchadnezzar II]] in 604 BCE, and although it is mentioned, as "Accaron", as late as [[1 Maccabees]] 10:89 (2nd century BCE), it was never resettled on a large scale.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=James |first=Peter |title=Dating Late Iron Age Ekron (Tel Miqne) |journal=[[Palestine Exploration Quarterly]] |volume=138 |issue=2 |pages=85–97 |year= 1985 |url=http://www.centuries.co.uk/ekron2.pdf}}</ref> An olive oil production center dating from the seventh century BCE discovered at Ekron has over one hundred large olive oil presses, and is the most complete olive oil production center from [[ancient times]] to be discovered. The discovery indicates that olive oil production was highly developed in the Levant and that it was a major producer of olive oil for its residents as well as for other parts of the [[Ancient Near East]], such as [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]] and especially [[Mesopotamia]].<ref name=OB>{{cite book|title=Daily Life in Biblical Times|last=Borowski|first=Oded|year=2003|publisher=Society of Biblical Literature|location=Atlanta, GA|isbn=978-1-58983-042-4|pages=71–72}}</ref><ref name=MD>{{cite book|title=What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat? Diet in Biblical Times|last=Macdonald|first=Nathan|title-link=What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat?|year=2008|publisher=W. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8028-6298-3|pages=23–24}}</ref>
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