Editing Emoji (section)

===Development of emoji sets (2000–2007)===
The basic 12-by-12-pixel emoji in Japan grew in popularity across various platforms over the next decade. While emoji adoption was high in Japan during this time, the competitors failed to collaborate to create a uniform set of emoji to be used across all platforms in the country.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blagdon |first1=Jeff |title=How emoji conquered the world |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/3/4/3966140/how-emoji-conquered-the-world |publisher=[[The Verge]] |date=March 4, 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Codepage-437 (cropped).png|thumb|Smiley faces from DOS code page 437]]
The [[Universal Coded Character Set]] ([[Unicode]]), controlled by the [[Unicode Consortium]] and [[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2]], had already been established as the international standard for text representation ([[ISO/IEC 10646]]) since 1993, although variants of [[Shift JIS]] remained relatively common in Japan. Unicode included several characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji, including some from North American or Western European sources such as [[Code page 437|DOS code page 437]], [[ITC Zapf Dingbats]], or the [[WordPerfect]] Iconic Symbols set.<ref>{{cite web |title=Unicode 1.1 Emoji List |url=https://emojipedia.org/unicode-1.1/ |publisher=[[Emojipedia]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://corp.unicode.org/pipermail/unicode/2021-February/009307.html |last=Whistler |first=Ken |date=2021-02-01 |title=Re: Origins of ⌚ U+231A WATCH and ⌛ U+231B HOURGLASS |work=Unicode Mail List Archives}}</ref> Unicode coverage of written characters was extended several times by new editions during the 2000s, with little interest in incorporating the Japanese cellular emoji sets (deemed out of scope),<ref name="principles">{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/emoji/principles.html |title=Emoji Encoding Principles |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> although symbol characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji continued to be added. For example, Unicode 4.0 contained 16 new emoji, which included direction arrows, a warning triangle, and an eject button.<ref>{{cite web |title=Unicode 4.0 List |url=https://emojipedia.org/unicode-4.0/ |publisher=[[Emojipedia]]}}</ref> Besides Zapf Dingbats, other [[dingbat]] fonts such as Wingdings or Webdings also included additional pictographic symbols in their own custom pi font encodings; unlike Zapf Dingbats, however, many of these would not be available as Unicode emoji until 2014.<ref name="hexuswebdings" />

Nicolas Loufrani applied to the [[United States Copyright Office|US Copyright Office]] in 1999 to register the 471 smileys that he created.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Untold Story Behind the Emoji Phenomeon |date=March 10, 2022 |url=https://www.hooksmagazine.com/post/silver-screen-the-untold-story-behind-the-emoji-phenomenon |work=Hooks magazine}}</ref> Soon after he created The Smiley Dictionary, which not only hosted the largest number of smileys at the time, it also categorized them.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical capture of SmileyDictionary.com from 2001 |url=https://www.smileydictionary.com |publisher=[[Wayback Machine]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331043601/http://www.smileydictionary.com/|archive-date=March 31, 2001}}</ref> The desktop platform was aimed at allowing people to insert smileys as text when sending emails and writing on a [[desktop computer]].<ref name=eveningstandard>{{cite web |last1=Speare-Cole |first1=Rebecca |title=Man behind iconic smiley face symbol says limited number of emojis restricts freedom of speech |date=November 10, 2019 |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/man-behind-iconic-smiley-face-symbol-says-limited-number-of-emojis-restricts-freedom-of-speech-a4282786.html |publisher=[[Evening Standard]]}}</ref> By 2003, it had grown to 887 smileys and 640 ascii emotions.<ref>{{cite web |title=From smiley to emoji, 20 years of history |date=August 6, 2017 |url=https://fleetpeople.es/de-smiley-a-emoji-20-anos-de-historia/ |publisher=Fleet People}}</ref>

The smiley toolbar offered a variety of symbols and smileys and was used on platforms such as [[MSN Messenger]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Golby |first1=Joel |title=The Man Who Owns the Smiley Face |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-man-who-owns-the-smiley-face/ |publisher=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |date=August 9, 2017}}</ref> [[Nokia]], then one of the largest global telecom companies, was still referring to today's emoji sets as [[smiley]]s in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nokia 3310 User guide |url=https://ringtones.specialtyansweringservice.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/manuals/nokia-3310-userguide.pdf |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> The digital smiley movement was headed up by Nicolas Loufrani, the CEO of [[The Smiley Company]].<ref name=eveningstandard /> He created a smiley toolbar, which was available at smileydictionary.com during the early 2000s to be sent as emoji.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hutchins |first1=Robert |title=SmileyWorld's CEO Nicolas Loufrani on plagiarism, the school market and a push for more toys |url=https://www.licensing.biz/smileyworlds-ceo-nicolas-loufrani-on-plagiarism-the-school-market-and-a-push-for-more-toys/ |publisher=[[Licensing.biz]] |date=March 7, 2016 |access-date=January 30, 2020 |archive-date=January 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130123305/https://www.licensing.biz/smileyworlds-ceo-nicolas-loufrani-on-plagiarism-the-school-market-and-a-push-for-more-toys/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Over the next two years, The Smiley Dictionary became the plug-in of choice for forums and [[Instant messaging|online instant messaging]] platforms. There were competitors, but The Smiley Dictionary was the most popular. Platforms such as [[MSN Messenger]] allowed for customisation from 2001 onwards, with many users importing emoticons to use in messages as text. These emoticons would eventually go on to become the modern-day emoji. It was not until [[MSN Messenger]] and [[BlackBerry]] noticed the popularity of these unofficial sets and launched their own from late 2003 onwards.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Li |first1=Shirley |title=The Life And Times of MSN Messenger, As Told Through MSN Emoticons |date=August 29, 2014 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/08/the-life-and-times-of-msn-messenger-as-told-through-msn-emoticons/379371/ |work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref>