Editing Endoscope (section)

=== Fiber optics ===
[[File:Storz_Endoscopy_Unit.png|thumb|A Storz endoscopy unit used for [[laryngoscopy]] exams of the [[vocal folds]] and the [[glottis]]]]
[[Basil Hirschowitz]], Larry Curtiss, and Wilbur Peters invented the first fiber optic endoscope in 1957.<ref name="pmid2044933">{{cite journal |vauthors=Edmonson JM |date=March 1991 |title=History of the instruments for gastrointestinal endoscopy |journal=Gastrointestinal Endoscopy |volume=37 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=S27–56 |doi=10.1016/S0016-5107(91)70910-3 |pmid=2044933}}</ref> Earlier in the 1950s [[Harold Hopkins (physicist)|Harold Hopkins]] had designed a "fibroscope" consisting of a bundle of flexible glass fibres able to coherently transmit an image. This proved useful both medically and industrially, and subsequent research led to further improvements in image quality.

The previous practice of a small filament lamp on the tip of the endoscope had left the choice of either viewing in a dim red light or increasing the light output – which carried the risk of burning the inside of the patient. Alongside the advances to the optics, the ability to 'steer' the tip was developed, as well as innovations in remotely operated surgical instruments contained within the body of the endoscope itself. This was the beginning of "key-hole surgery" as we know it today.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sun |first=Guoging |display-authors=etal |date=January 2019 |title=Comparison of keyhole endoscopy and craniotomy for the treatment of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage |journal=Medicine |location=Baltimore |volume=98 |issue=2 |page=e14123 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000014123 |pmc=6336657 |pmid=30633227 |doi-access=free}}</ref>