Editing English art (section)

==Medieval art==
After [[End of Roman rule in Britain|Roman rule]], [[Anglo-Saxon art]] brought the incorporation of Germanic traditions, as may be seen in the metalwork of [[Sutton Hoo]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/sep/27/anglo-saxon-treasure-hoard-staffordshire |title=Anglo-Saxon treasure hoard casts Beowulf and wealthy warriors of Mercia in a new light |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=28 August 2017 }}</ref> [[Anglo-Saxon art|Anglo-Saxon]] sculpture was outstanding for its time, at least in the small works in ivory or bone which are almost all that survive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/ivory_01.shtml |title=Ivory Carvings in England from Before the Norman Conquest |publisher=[[BBC History]] |access-date=28 August 2017 }}</ref> Especially in [[Northumbria]], the [[Insular art]] style shared across the British Isles produced the finest work being produced in Europe, until the [[Viking]] raids and invasions largely suppressed the movement;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396584/obo-9780195396584-0014.xml |title=Insular Art |publisher=[[Oxford Bibliographies Online]] |access-date=28 August 2017 }}</ref> the [[Book of Lindisfarne]] is one example certainly produced in Northumbria.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/12/art.artsfeatures |title=Everything is illuminated |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=28 August 2017 }}</ref> [[Anglo-Saxon art]] developed a very sophisticated variation on contemporary Continental styles, seen especially in metalwork and [[illuminated manuscript]]s such as the [[Benedictional of St. Æthelwold]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/staethel.html |title=Benedictional of St Aethelwold |publisher=[[British Library]] |access-date=28 August 2017 }}</ref> None of the large-scale Anglo-Saxon paintings and sculptures that we know existed have survived.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.historytoday.com/mildred-budny/anglo-saxon-art-7th-century-norman-conquest |title=Anglo-Saxon art from the 7th century to the Norman conquest |magazine=[[History Today]] |access-date=28 August 2017 }}</ref>

By the first half of the 11th century, English art benefited from lavish [[patronage]] by a wealthy Anglo-Saxon elite, who valued above all works in precious metals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturenews/6227061/Largest-Anglo-Saxon-hoard-in-history-discovered.html |title=Largest Anglo-Saxon hoard in history discovered |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=28 August 2017 }}</ref> but the [[Norman Conquest]] in 1066 brought a sudden halt to this art boom, and instead works were melted down or removed to [[Normandy]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.historytoday.com/deborah-kahn/norman-world-art |title=The Norman World of Art |magazine=[[History Today]] |access-date=28 August 2017 }}</ref> The so-called [[Bayeux Tapestry]] - the large, English-made, [[Embroidery|embroidered]] cloth depicting events leading up to the Norman conquest - dates to the late 11th century.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2185282/Campaign-to-bring-the-Bayeux-Tapestry-back-to-Britain.html |title=Campaign to bring the Bayeux Tapestry back to Britain |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=28 August 2017 }}</ref> Some decades after the Norman conquest, manuscript painting in England was soon again among the best of any in Europe; in [[Romanesque art|Romanesque]] works such as the [[Winchester Bible]] and the [[St. Albans Psalter]], and then in early Gothic ones like the [[Tickhill Psalter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396584/obo-9780195396584-0074.xml |title=Romanesque Art |publisher=[[Oxford Bibliographies Online]] |access-date=29 August 2017 }}</ref> The best-known English illuminator of the period is [[Matthew Paris]] ({{circa|1200}}–1259).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Matthew-Paris |title=Matthew Paris: English artist and historian |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=29 August 2017 }}</ref> Some of the rare surviving examples of English medieval [[panel painting]]s, such as the [[Westminster Retable]] and [[Wilton Diptych]], are of the highest quality.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/12014969/Rarest-medieval-panel-painting-saved-by-recycling.html |title='Rarest' medieval panel painting saved by recycling |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=29 August 2017 }}</ref> From the late 14th century to the early 16th century, England had a considerable industry in [[Nottingham alabaster]] reliefs for mid-market [[altarpiece]]s and small statues, which were exported across Northern Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nottinghamcastle.org.uk/alabaster |title=Alabaster Collection |publisher=[[Nottingham Castle]] |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803051338/http://www.nottinghamcastle.org.uk/alabaster |archive-date=3 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another art form introduced through the church was [[stained glass]], which was also adopted for secular uses.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3585906/Object-of-the-week-stained-glass.html |title=Object of the week: stained glass |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>

===Medieval art: gallery===
<gallery widths="154px" heights="154px">
File:Sutton.hoo.helmet.jpg|[[Sutton Hoo helmet]]; c. 625.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/picture/2012/aug/01/sutton-hoo-helmet-british-art|title=Savage warrior: Sutton Hoo Helmet|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Lindisfarne Gospels folio 209v.jpg|[[Lindisfarne Gospels]]; c. 700.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/may/30/books.booksnews|title=Revealed: hidden art behind the gospel truth|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:LichfieldGospelsEvangelist.jpg|[[Lichfield Gospels]]; c. 730.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lichfield-cathedral.org/about-us/cathedral-treasures|title=St Chad Gospels|publisher=[[Lichfield Cathedral]]|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330205807/https://www.lichfield-cathedral.org/about-us/cathedral-treasures|url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:Bayeux Deense bijl.jpg|Detail from the so-called [[Bayeux Tapestry]]; {{circa|1070s}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/mar/27/leadersandreply.mainsection|title=Towns and a tapestry|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Wga 12c illuminated manuscripts Mary Magdalen announcing the resurrection.jpg|[[Mary Magdalen]] announcing the [[Resurrection of Jesus|Resurrection]], from the [[St. Albans Psalter]]; 1120–1145.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-14543496|title=Psalter returns to St Albans Cathedral|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Peterborough Psalter c 1220-25 Mercy and Truth.jpg|The [[Fitzwilliam Museum|Fitzwilliam]] [[Peterborough Psalter]]; before 1222.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/collections/illuminatedmanuscripts/MS_12|title=The Peterborough Psalter|publisher=[[Fitzwilliam Museum]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Westminster Retable.jpg|The [[Westminster Retable]]; {{circa|1270s}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/may/19/research.arts|title=National Gallery unveils England's oldest altarpiece|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:StepanAngl.jpg|[[King Arthur]] in [[Matthew Paris]]'s ''[[Flores Historiarum]]''; 1306–1326.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/illmanus/cottmanucoll/t/011cotclae00008u00027v00.html|title=The Creation of the World, in the 'Flowers of History'|publisher=[[British Library]]|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330205811/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/illmanus/cottmanucoll/t/011cotclae00008u00027v00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:Queen Mary's Psalter.jpg|The [[Queen Mary Psalter]]; 1310–1320.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=6467|title=Detailed record for Royal 2 B VII|publisher=[[British Library]]|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330205814/http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=6467|url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:SmrtBecketta.jpg|[[Thomas Becket|Becket]]'s death in the [[Luttrell Psalter]]; 1320–1345.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/luttrellpsalter.html|title=Luttrell Psalter|publisher=[[British Library]]|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330205819/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/luttrellpsalter.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:Gorleston3.jpg|[[Gorleston Psalter]]; 14th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2012/10/virile-if-somewhat-irresponsible-design-the-marginalia-of-the-gorleston-psalter.html|title='Virile, if Somewhat Irresponsible' Design: The Marginalia of the Gorleston Psalter|publisher=[[British Library]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:Tickhill.jpg|[[Tickhill Psalter]]; 14th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aha.missouri.edu/news/tickhill-psalter|title=Tickhill Psalter|publisher=[[University of Missouri]]|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055329/https://aha.missouri.edu/news/tickhill-psalter|url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:The Wilton Diptych (Right).jpg|The [[Wilton Diptych]] (right); {{circa|1395}}–1399.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-precious-stone-set-in-a-silver-sea-the-wilton-diptych-andrew-graham-dixon-deciphers-the-royal-1508749.html|title=A precious stone set in a silver sea: The Wilton Diptych: Andrew Graham-Dixon deciphers the royal message for so long concealed within medieval England's most famous painting|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
File:StThomasEnthroned.jpg|[[Nottingham Alabaster]] of St [[Thomas Becket]]; 15th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O69836/consecration-of-st-thomas-becket-panel-unknown/|title=Consecration of St Thomas Becket as archbishop|publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]]|access-date=31 August 2017 }}</ref>
File:Seven Churches of Asia in the East Window at York Minster.jpg|[[Stained glass]] at [[York Minster]] by [[John Thornton (glass painter)|John Thornton]] ([[floruit|fl]]. 1405–1433).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/coventry-glazier-john-thornton-created-5674954|title=Midlands glazier created this medieval masterpiece|newspaper=[[Birmingham Post]]|access-date=11 September 2017 }}</ref>
</gallery>