Editing Environmental racism (section)

=== Socioeconomic aspects ===
[[Cost–benefit analysis]] (CBA) is a process that places a monetary value on costs and benefits to evaluate issues.<ref>"Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)", World Bank Group. n.d. Accessed: 20 November 2011.</ref> Environmental CBA aims to provide policy solutions for intangible products such as clean air and water by measuring a consumer's willingness to pay for these goods. CBA can contribute to environmental racism{{dubious|date=September 2022}} through the valuing of environmental resources based on their utility to society. When someone is willing and able to pay more for clean water or air, their payment financially benefits society more than when people cannot pay for these goods, which can create a burden on poor communities. This can manifest through discriminatory or disproportionate siting, in which hazardous waste sites are disproportionately placed in communities with a higher percentage of low-income or minority households.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Been |first=Vicki |date=April 1994 |title=Locally Undesirable Land Uses in Minority Neighborhoods: Disproportionate Siting or Market Dynamics? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/797089?origin=crossref |journal=The Yale Law Journal |volume=103 |issue=6 |pages=1383 |doi=10.2307/797089}}</ref> This form of economic valuation can contribute to these siting practices and further entrench environmental racism through the devaluation of property values in these communities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mascarenhas |first=Michael |last2=Grattet |first2=Ryken |last3=Mege |first3=Kathleen |date=2021-09-01 |title=Toxic Waste and Race in Twenty-First Century America: Neighborhood Poverty and Racial Composition in the Siting of Hazardous Waste Facilities |url=https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/environment-and-society/12/1/ares120107.xml |journal=Environment and Society |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=108–126 |doi=10.3167/ares.2021.120107 |issn=2150-6779}}</ref> Economic property valuation can also contribute to environmental racism through [[environmental gentrification]], which describes the process that can occur when the removal of decontamination or creation of green spaces in low-income and communities of color leads to higher-income, often White, populations moving to these areas. The improvement of the environmental quality of these communities, while often intended to reduce health disparities and advance environmental justice, can lead to an increase in property values that can displace previous residents.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schusler |first=Tania M. |last2=Krings |first2=Amy |last3=Melstrom |first3=Richard T. |date=2023-08-01 |title=Experiences with environmental gentrification: Evidence from Chicago |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204623000841 |journal=Landscape and Urban Planning |volume=236 |pages=104765 |doi=10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104765 |issn=0169-2046|doi-access=free }}</ref>