Editing Episodic memory (section)

==Relationship to semantic memory==
[[Endel Tulving]] originally described episodic memory as a record of a person's experience that held temporally dated information and spatio-temporal relations.<ref name="Tulving 1983">{{cite book|last=Tulving|first=Endel | name-list-style = vanc |title=Elements of Episodic Memory|year=1983|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York}}{{page needed|date=October 2018}}</ref> A feature of episodic memory that Tulving later elaborates on is that it allows an agent to imagine traveling back in time.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tulving E | s2cid = 399748 | title = Episodic memory: from mind to brain | journal = Annual Review of Psychology | volume = 53 | pages = 1–25 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11752477 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114 }}</ref> A current situation may cue retrieval of a previous episode, so that context that colours the previous episode is experienced at the immediate moment. The agent is provided with a means of associating previous feelings with current situations. [[Semantic memory]], on the other hand, is a structured record of facts, concepts, and skills that we have acquired. Semantic information is derived from accumulated episodic memory. Episodic memory can be thought of as a "map" that ties together items in semantic memory. For example, all encounters with how a "dog" looks and sounds will make up the semantic representation of that word. All episodic memories concerning a dog will then reference this single semantic representation of "dog" and, likewise, all new experiences with the dog will modify the single semantic representation of that dog.

Together, semantic and episodic memory make up our declarative memory.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tulving E, Schacter DL | s2cid = 40894114 | title = Priming and human memory systems | journal = Science | volume = 247 | issue = 4940 | pages = 301–6 | date = January 1990 | pmid = 2296719 | doi = 10.1126/science.2296719 | jstor = 2873625 | bibcode = 1990Sci...247..301T }}</ref> They each represent different parts of context to form a complete picture. As such, something that affects episodic memory can also affect semantic memory. For example, [[anterograde amnesia]], from damage of the medial temporal lobe, is an impairment of declarative memory that affects both episodic and semantic memory operations.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tulving E, Markowitsch HJ | s2cid = 18634842 | title = Episodic and declarative memory: role of the hippocampus | journal = Hippocampus | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 198–204 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9662134 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1998)8:3<198::AID-HIPO2>3.0.CO;2-G | doi-access = free }}</ref> Originally, Tulving proposed that episodic and semantic memory were separate systems that competed with each other in retrieval. However, this theory was rejected when Howard and Kahana completed experiments on [[latent semantic analysis]] (LSA) that supported the opposite. Instead of an increase in semantic similarity when there was a decrease in the strength of temporal associations, the two worked together so semantic cues on retrieval were strongest when episodic cues were strong as well.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Howard MW, Kahana MJ |s2cid=65222 |doi=10.1006/jmla.2001.2798 |title=When Does Semantic Similarity Help Episodic Retrieval? |journal=Journal of Memory and Language |volume=46 |pages=85–98 |year=2002 }}</ref>