Editing European roller (section)

==Distribution and habitat==
The European roller is a bird of warmer regions. The nominate subspecies breeds in northern Africa from Morocco to Tunisia, in southern and east-central Europe, and eastwards through northwestern Iran to southwestern Siberia. The subspecies ''C.&nbsp;g.&nbsp;semenowi'' breeds from Iraq and southern Iran east through [[Kashmir]] and southern Kazakhstan to [[Xinjiang]]. The European range was formerly more extensive, but there has been a long-term decline in the north and west, with extinction as a nesting bird in Sweden and Germany. The European roller is a long-distance [[bird migration|migrant]], wintering in [[Africa south of the Sahara]] in two distinct regions, from Senegal east to Cameroon and from Ethiopia west (with observations in the [[Degua Tembien]] mountains)<ref name="ALN2019">{{cite book |last1=Aerts |first1=R. |last2=Lerouge |first2=F. |last3=November |first3=E. |title=Birds of forests and open woodlands in the highlands of Dogu'a Tembien. In: Nyssen J., Jacob, M., Frankl, A. (Eds.). Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District |date=2019 |publisher=SpringerNature |isbn=978-3-030-04954-6 |url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030049546}}</ref> to Congo and south to South Africa.<ref name="Fry"/> Some populations migrate to Africa through India. A collision with an aircraft over the Arabian Sea has been recorded.<ref name= satheesan>{{cite journal |last=Satheesan |first=  S M|year=1990 |title=Bird-aircraft collision at an altitude of 2424&nbsp;m over the sea | journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society | volume=87 | pages=145–148 |issue=1}}</ref><ref name="Catry2014">{{cite journal|last1=Catry|first1=Inês|last2=Catry|first2=Teresa|last3=Granadeiro|first3=José Pedro|last4=Franco|first4=Aldina M. A.|last5=Moreira|first5=Francisco|title=Unravelling migration routes and wintering grounds of European rollers using light-level geolocators|journal=Journal of Ornithology|date=25 June 2014|volume=155|issue=4|pages=1071–1075|doi=10.1007/s10336-014-1097-x|bibcode=2014JOrni.155.1071C |s2cid=17800650}}</ref>
[[File:Coracias garrulus MHNT ZOO 2010 11 161 Seville HdB.jpg|thumb|Eggs of ''Coracias garrulus'']]

It is a bird of warm, dry, open country with scattered trees, preferring lowlands, but occurs up to {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}} in Europe and {{convert|2000|m|ft|abbr=on}} in Morocco. Oak and pine woodlands with open areas are prime breeding habitat, but farms, orchards and similar areas with mixed vegetation are also used. In Africa, a similarly wide range of dry, open land with trees is used.<ref name="Fry"/> It winters primarily in dry, wooded savanna and bushy plains, where it typically nests in tree holes.