Editing Exogeny (section)

== Biology and medicine ==

=== Biology ===
An exogenous [[contrast agent]], in [[medical imaging]] for example, is a liquid injected into the patient [[intravenously]] that enhances visibility of a pathology, such as a [[tumor]]. An exogenous factor is any material that is present and active in an individual [[organism]] or living [[cell (biology)|cell]] but that originated outside that organism, as opposed to an endogenous factor.

In the origins of [[disease]]s, exogenous factors, namely those that are factors in [[inflammation]] or [[Stress (biology)|stress]] (such as [[overexertion]], [[overeating]], and extreme feelings of emotions of grief or anger), all contribute to exhaustion or modifications in [[gene]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sornette |first1=Didier |last2=Yukalov |first2=V.I. |last3=Yukalova |first3=E.P. |last4=Henry |first4=J.-Y |last5=Schwab |first5=David J. |last6=Cobb |first6=J.P. |year=2009 |title=Endogenous versus Exogenous Origins of Diseases |url=https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218339009002880 |journal=[[Journal of Biological Systems]] |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=225–267 |arxiv=0710.3859 |doi=10.1142/S0218339009002880 |via=[[World Scientific]] |s2cid=10818515}}</ref> An accumulation of such stressors affect the [[immune system]] by disrupting the amount of communication that occurs between the immune system and other areas of the body.

[[DNA]] introduced to cells via [[transfection]] or [[viral transduction]] is an exogenous factor. Exogenous factors in DNA, particularly [[DNA damage]], are more known as environmental factors that cause progression in the impairment of DNA.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Friedberg |first1=Errol C. |last2=McDaniel |first2=Lisa D. |last3=Schultz |first3=Roger A. |date=February 2004 |title=The role of endogenous and exogenous DNA damage and mutagenesis |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2003.11.001 |journal=[[Current Opinion (Elsevier)|Current Opinion in Genetics & Development]] |volume=14, 1 |issue=1 |pages=5–10 |doi=10.1016/j.gde.2003.11.001 |pmid=15108798 |via=[[Elsevier]] [[Science Direct]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Such exogenous factors would be different chemical agents, [[ionizing radiation]] (IR), and [[ultraviolet radiation]] (UV). These factors penetrate the deeper layers of the cell, causing great damage, with either [[apoptosis]] or senescence occurring, further leading to [[Arrested development|arrested]] or altered development and aging of the organism causing [[neurological disorder]]s and [[cancer]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hakem |first=Razqallah |date=January 16, 2008 |title=DNA-damage repair; the good, the bad, and the ugly |journal=[[The EMBO Journal]] |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=589–605 |doi=10.1038/emboj.2008.15 |pmc=2262034 |pmid=18285820}}</ref>

=== Medicine and medical treatments ===
In [[medicine]], exogenous factors are seen in both [[pathogens]] and [[therapeutics]]. Exogenous factors can be included in the type of [[obesity]] where there is an imbalance of food and [[metabolism]], in which one consumes a much greater amount than the human body can handle.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bauer |first=Julius |date=1941 |title=Obesity: Its Pathogenesis, Etiology and Treatment |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/547135 |journal=[[Archives of Internal Medicine]] |volume=67 |issue=5 |pages=968–994 |doi=10.1001/archinte.1941.00200050076006 |via=JAMA Internal Medicine|url-access=subscription }}</ref> On the opposite end, endogenous obesity refers to obesity caused by disorders or issues outside an imbalance of food intake itself, which include [[genetic disorder]]s, interruption of [[thyroid]] functions, and other syndromic disorders.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mason |first1=Kelly |last2=Page |first2=Laura |last3=Gumus Balikcioglu |first3=Pinar |date=September 10, 2014 |title=Screening for Hormonal, Monogenic, and Syndromic Disorders in Obese Infants and Children |journal=[[Pediatric Annals]] |volume=43 |issue=9 |pages=e218–e224 |doi=10.3928/00904481-20140825-08 |pmc=4369917 |pmid=25198446}}</ref>

In relation to cancer, [[carcinogens]] are exogenous factors, in which these are made up of various factors (chemical, biological, physical), causing cancer after having entering through several routes of the body.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Irigaray |first1=Philippe |last2=Belpomme |first2=Dominique |date=February 2010 |title=Basic properties and molecular mechanisms of exogenous chemical carcinogens |url=https://academic.oup.com/carcin/article/31/2/135/2477012 |journal=[[Carcinogenesis (journal)|Carcinogenesis]] |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=135–148 |doi=10.1093/carcin/bgp252 |pmid=19858070 |via=[[Oxford Academic]]|doi-access=free }}</ref>