Editing Extrasensory perception (section)

===Dermo-optical perception===
{{Main|Dermo-optical perception}}
In the early 20th century, [[Joaquin María Argamasilla]], known as the "Spaniard with X-ray Eyes", claimed to be able to read handwriting or numbers on [[dice]] through closed metal boxes. Argamasilla managed to fool [[Gustav Geley]] and [[Charles Richet]] into believing he had genuine [[psychic]] powers.<ref>{{cite book |first=Massimo |last=Polidoro |author-link=Massimo Polidoro |year=2001 |title=Final Séance: The Strange Friendship Between Houdini and Conan Doyle |publisher=Prometheus Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/secretsofpsychic0000poli/page/171 171–172] |isbn=978-1591020868 |url=https://archive.org/details/secretsofpsychic0000poli/page/171 }}</ref> In 1924, he was exposed by [[Harry Houdini]] as a fraud. Argamasilla peeked through his simple blindfold and lifted the edge of the box, so he could look inside it without others noticing.<ref>[[Joe Nickell]]. (2007). ''Adventures in Paranormal Investigation''. The University Press of Kentucky. p. 215. {{ISBN|978-0813124674}}</ref>

Science writer [[Martin Gardner]] has written that the ignorance of blindfold deception methods has been widespread in investigations into objects at remote locations from persons who claim to possess second sight. Gardner documented various conjuring techniques psychics such as Rosa Kuleshova, Lina Anderson and [[Nina Kulagina]] have used to peek from their blindfolds to deceive investigators into believing they used second sight.<ref>{{cite book |first=Martin |last=Gardner |author-link=Martin Gardner |year=2003 |title=Are Universes Thicker Than Blackberries? |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |pages=225–243 |isbn=978-0393325720}}</ref>