Editing Faceted classification (section)

==Examples of faceted classifications==
=== Colon classification for library materials ===
The [[Colon Classification]] developed by [[S. R. Ranganathan]] is an example of general faceted classification designed to be applied to all library materials. In the Colon Classification system, a book is assigned a set of values from each independent facet.<ref>Garfield, E. (1984, February). "A Tribute to S. R.  Ranganathan, the father of Indian library science". ''Essays of an Information Scientist'', 7, 37-44.</ref>  This facet formula uses punctuation marks and symbols placed between the facets to connect them. Colon classification was named after its use of the colon as the primary symbol in its notation.<ref>Chan, L. M. (1994). Cataloging and classification.  New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ranganathan |first1=S. R. |title=Colon classification |date=2007 |publisher=Ess Ess Publications |isbn=9788170004233 |edition=6th| url=http://www.essessreference.com/servlet/esGetBiblio?bno=000374}}</ref>

Ranganathan stated that [[hierarchical classification]] schemes like the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) or the Library of Congress Subject Headings are too limiting and finite to use for modern classification and that many items can pertain information to more than one subject.  He organized his classification scheme into 42 classes.  Each class can be categorized according to particular characteristics, that he called facets.  Ranganathan said that there are five fundamental categories that can be used to demonstrate the facets of a subject: personality, material, energy, space and time.  He called this the PMEST formula:<ref>Ranganathan, S. R (1987). Colon classification, 7th ed. revised and edited by M.A. Gopinath. Bangalore: Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science, 1987</ref>  
*Personality is the most specific or focal subject.
*[[Matter]] is the substance, properties or materials of the subject.
*Energy includes the processes, operations and activities.
*Space relates to the geographic location of the subject.
*Time refers to the dates or seasons of the subject.

=== Universal Decimal Classification ===
Another example of a faceted classification scheme is the [[Universal Decimal Classification]] (UDC), a complex multilingual classification that can be used in all fields of knowledge.<ref>About universal decimal classification and the udc consortium. (2006). Retrieved November 30, 2013, from http://www.udcc.org/about.htm</ref>
The Universal Decimal Classification scheme was created at the end of the nineteenth century by Belgian bibliographers [[Paul Otlet]] and [[Henri la Fontaine]]. The goal of their system was to create an index that would be able to record knowledge even if it is stored in non-conventional ways including materials in notebooks and ephemera. They also wanted their index to organize material systematically instead of alphabetically.<ref>Batty, D. (2003). Universal decimal classification.  Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science.</ref>

The UDC has an overall taxonomy of knowledge that is extended with a number of facets, such as language, form, place and time. Each facet has its own symbol in the notation, such as: "=" for language; "-02" for materials, "[...]" for subordinate concepts.<ref name=chan>{{Cite book     |publisher = The Scarecrow Press, Inc.     |isbn = 978-0-8108-5944-9     |title = Cataloging and classification     |url = https://archive.org/details/catalogingclassi0000chan/page/321     |last = Chan     |first = Lois Mai     |edition = Third     |date = 2007     |page = [https://archive.org/details/catalogingclassi0000chan/page/321 321]     |id = 0810859440     }}</ref>

===Faceted Classification for Occupational Safety and Health===

[[Douglas John Foskett|D. J. Foskett]], a member of the [[Classification Research Group]] in London, developed classification of occupational safety and health materials for the library of the [[International Labour Organization]].<ref name=coyle>{{cite journal|last1=Coyle|first1=Karen|title=A Faceted Classification for Occupational Safety and Health|journal=Special Libraries|date=1975|volume=66|issue=5–6|pages=256–9}}</ref><ref name=foskett>{{cite book|last1=Foskett|first1=D. J.|title=Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information|chapter=Construction of a Faceted Classification for a Special Subject|date=1959|publisher=National Science Foundation|isbn=0-309-57421-8|pages=867–888}}</ref> After a study of the literature in the field, he created the classification with the following facets:

*Facet A: Occupational Safety and Health: General
*Facet B: Special Classes of Workers, Industries
*Facet C: Sources of Hazards: Fire, Machinery, etc.
*Facet D: Industrial Accidents and Diseases
*Facet E: Preventive Measures, Protection
*Facet F: Organisation, Administration

Notation was solely alphabetic, with the sub-facets organized hierarchically using extended codes, such as "g Industrial equipment and processes", "ge Machines".<ref name=foskett />

===Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)===

While not strictly a classification system, the [[Art and Architecture Thesaurus|AAT]] uses facets similar to those of Ranganathan's Colon Classification:

*Associated Concepts (e.g., philosophy)
*Physical Attributes
*Styles and Periods
*Agents (People/Organizations)
*Activities (similar to Ranganathan's Energy)
*Materials (similar to Ranganathan's Matter)
*Objects (similar to Ranganathan's Personality)<ref name=denton>{{cite web |url=https://www.miskatonic.org/library/facet-web-howto.html|author=William Denton|title=How to Make a Faceted Classification and Put it on the Web|date=28 March 2009}}</ref>