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Factor X
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==Role in disease== {{main|Factor X deficiency}} Inborn deficiency of factor X is very rare (1:1,000,000), and may present with [[epistaxis]] (nosebleeds), [[hemarthrosis]] (bleeding into joints) and gastrointestinal blood loss. Apart from congenital deficiency, low factor X levels may occur occasionally in a number of disease states. For example, factor X deficiency may be seen in [[amyloidosis]], where factor X is adsorbed to the amyloid fibrils in the vasculature. Deficiency of vitamin K or antagonism by [[warfarin]] (or similar medication) leads to the production of an inactive factor X. In warfarin therapy, this is desirable to prevent [[thrombosis]]. As of late 2007, four out of five emerging [[Anticoagulant|anti-coagulation]] therapeutics targeted this enzyme.<ref name="WSJOct2007">{{cite news | author = Ron Winslow | author2 = Avery Johnson | title = Race Is on for the Next Blood Thinner | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119725064671318856 | work =[[The Wall Street Journal]] | page = A12 | date = 2007-12-10 | access-date = 2008-01-06 | quote = The flurry of interest reflects increasing understanding of what doctors call the coagulation cascade... Four new blood thinners target an enzyme called factor Xa, one of several enzymes that play an important role in the cascade. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310111746/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119725064671318856 | archive-date = 2016-03-10 | url-status = live }}</ref> Inhibiting Factor Xa would offer an alternate method for anticoagulation. [[Direct Xa inhibitor]]s are popular anticoagulants. Polymorphisms in Factor X have been associated with an increased prevalence in bacterial infections, suggesting a possible role directly regulating the immune response to bacterial pathogens.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Choby JE, Monteith AJ, Himmel LE, Margaritis P, Shirey-Rice JK, Pruijssers A, Jerome RN, Pulley J, Skaar EP | title = A Phenome-Wide Association Study Uncovers a Pathological Role of Coagulation Factor X during <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Infection | journal = Infection and Immunity | volume = 87 | issue = 5 | pages = IAI.00031β19 | date = March 2019 | pmid = 30782860 | pmc = 6479028 | doi = 10.1128/IAI.00031-19 }}</ref>
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