Editing Fang language (section)

==Phonology==
The phonology of Fang is listed below.{{refn|Bibang Oyee, Julián-Bibang (2014). Diccionario Español-Fang/Fang-Español. Akal.}}

===Consonants===
In Fang, there are 24 plain consonants. The majority of them can become [[Prenasalized consonant|prenasalized]]:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Alveopalatal consonant|Alveopalatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Labial–velar consonant|Labial–velar]] 
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPAlink|m}}
| {{IPAlink|n}}
| {{IPAlink|ɲ}}
| {{IPAlink|ŋ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Plosive]]
!{{small|plain}}
| {{IPAlink|p}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|b}}
| {{IPAlink|t}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|d}}
|
| {{IPAlink|k}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|ɡ}}
| {{IPAlink|k͡p}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|ɡ͡b}}
| {{IPAlink|ʔ}}
|-
!{{small|prenasal}}
| {{IPAlink|ᵐp}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|ᵐb}}
| {{IPAlink|ⁿt}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|ⁿd}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ᵑk}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|ᵑg}}
| {{IPAlink|ᵑk͡p}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|ᵑɡ͡b}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Affricate]]
!{{small|plain}}
|
| {{IPAlink|t͡s}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|d͡z}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|prenasal}}
|
| {{IPAlink|ⁿt͡s}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|ⁿd͡z}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative]]
!{{small|plain}}
| {{IPAlink|f}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|v}}
| {{IPAlink|s}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|z}}
|
|
|
| {{IPAlink|h}}
|-
!{{small|prenasal}}
| {{IPAlink|ᶬf}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|ᶬv}}
| {{IPAlink|ⁿs}} {{pad|1em}} {{IPAlink|ⁿz}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Approximant]]
!{{small|plain}}
|
| {{IPAlink|l}}
| {{IPAlink|j}}
| {{IPAlink|w}}
|
|
|-
!{{small|prenasal}}
|
|
| {{IPAlink|ᶮj}}
| {{IPAlink|ⁿw}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Tap consonant|Tap]]
|
| {{IPAlink|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|
|}

{{IPA|/h/}} is only used in interjections and loanwords.
Words can not start with {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, except when followed by a velar consonant. {{IPA|/ɾ/}} and {{IPA|/z/}} also are restricted from word-initial position. {{IPA|/g/}} and {{IPA|/p/}} can only come in word-initial position in words of foreign origin, although in many of these cases, {{IPA|/g/}} becomes realized as {{IPA|[ŋg]}}.

The morpheme "gh" is pronounced as {{IPA|ɾ}} in the case of the word "Beyoghe" (the Fang term for Libreville); one of several changes to pronunciation by morphology.

It is also important to note that in Fang, at every "hiatus" (shock of two vowels), such as in "Ma adzi", it is required for one to make the second word an aphetism, dropping the pronunciation of the {{IPA|aː}} sound at the start of the second word (e.g. "Ma dzi").

===Vowels===

Fang has seven vowels, each of which can have short or long realizations.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Vowel Phonemes
|-
!
! [[Front vowel|Front]] ([[Vowel length|short/long]])!! [[Back vowel|Back]] (short/long)
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}} ({{IPA link|ĩ}})
| {{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}} ({{IPA link|ũ}})
|-
![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| {{IPA link|e}} {{IPA link|eː}} ({{IPA link|ẽ}})
| {{IPA link|o}} {{IPA link|oː}} ({{IPA link|õ}})
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| {{IPA link|ɛ}} {{IPA link|ɛː}} ({{IPA link|ɛ̃}})
| {{IPA link|ɔ}} {{IPA link|ɔː}} ({{IPA link|ɔ̃}})
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|colspan="2" |{{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}} ({{IPA link|ã}})
|}

[[Nasal vowel]]s are allophones of the respective oral vowels, when followed by a nasal consonant {{IPA|[ŋ]}} or {{IPA|[ɲ]}}. Words cannot start with {{IPA|[ɛ]}}, {{IPA|[i]}}, {{IPA|[ɔ]}} or {{IPA|[u]}}.

====Diphthongs====
Diphthongs can be a combination of any vowel with {{IPA|[j]}} or {{IPA|[w]}}, as well as {{IPA|[ea]}}, {{IPA|[oe]}}, {{IPA|[oa]}}, {{IPA|[ua]}}.

===Tone===

Fang distinguishes between at least five lexical tones, conventionally called: high, mid, low, rising and falling. One vowel in a sequences of vowels can be elided in casual speech, though its tone remains and attaches to the remaining vowel.{{refn|Bibang Oyee, Julián (1990). Curso de lengua fang. Centro Cultural Hispano-Guineano}}