Editing Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (section)

== History ==

=== The name of <code>usr</code> ===
<code>/usr</code> originally stood for "user".<ref>{{Cite web |title=/usr |url=https://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/usr.html |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=tldp.org}}</ref> This was an artifact of early Unix programming. Specifically, when [[Ken Thompson]] and [[Dennis Ritchie]] were migrating Unix to a PDP-11, the contents of the <code>/bin</code> and <code>/lib</code> directories, which were to be the first directories mounted on startup and to contain all essentials for the OS to function, became too large to fit on an [[RK05]] disk drive. So they put some of those files on a second RK05, making sure that the first drive contained everything required for loading the second one. The rest of the files were put into the <code>/usr</code> directory.<ref>{{cite web |author-link=Doug McIlroy |author=M. D. McIlroy |date=1987 |url=http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~doug/reader.pdf |title=A Research Unix reader: annotated excerpts from the Programmer's Manual, 1971–1986 |id=CSTR 139 |publisher=Bell Labs}}</ref> When they got a third drive, users' files were moved to a new directory named <code>/home</code>.<ref>{{cite mailing list |url=http://lists.busybox.net/pipermail/busybox/2010-December/074114.html |title=Understanding the bin, sbin, usr/bin , usr/sbin split |mailing-list=busybox |first=Rob |last=Landley |date=December 9, 2010}}</ref>

FHS was created as the FSSTND (short for "Filesystem Standard"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/fsstnd/old/FSSTND-FAQ |title=FSSTND FAQ page |access-date=2016-05-10}}</ref>), largely based on similar standards for other [[Unix-like]] operating systems. Notable examples are these: the {{mono|hier(7)}} description of file system layout,<ref>{{man|7|hier|FreeBSD}}.</ref> which has existed since the release of [[Version 7 Unix]] (in 1979);<ref>{{man|7|hier|v7}}</ref> the [[SunOS]] {{mono|filesystem(7)}}<ref>[http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=filesystem&manpath=SunOS+4.1.3 SunOS 4.1.3 manual page for filesystem(7)], dated 10 January 1988 (from the FreeBSD Man Pages library).</ref> and its successor, the [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]] {{mono|filesystem(7)}}.<ref>{{man|7|filesystem|Solaris}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://manpages.unixforum.co.uk/man-pages/unix/solaris-10-11_06/5/filesystem-man-page.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070704090908/http://manpages.unixforum.co.uk/man-pages/unix/solaris-10-11_06/5/filesystem-man-page.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-07-04 |title=filesystem man page – Solaris 10 11/06 Man Pages |access-date=2011-10-15 }}</ref>

===Release history===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Version
! Release date
! Notes
|-
| {{Version|o|1.0}}
| 1994-02-14
| FSSTND<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/fsstnd/old/fsstnd-1.0/ |title=Index of /pub/Linux/docs/fsstnd/old/fsstnd-1.0/ |publisher=Ibiblio.org |access-date=2012-10-16}}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|1.1}}
| 1994-10-09
| FSSTND<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/fsstnd/old/fsstnd-1.1/ |title=Index of /pub/Linux/docs/fsstnd/old/fsstnd-1.1/ |publisher=Ibiblio.org |access-date=2012-10-16}}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|1.2}}
| 1995-03-28
| FSSTND<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/fsstnd/old/ |title=Index of /pub/Linux/docs/fsstnd/old/ |publisher=Ibiblio.org |access-date=2012-10-16}}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.0}}
| 1997-10-26
| FHS 2.0 is the direct successor for FSSTND 1.2. Name of the standard was changed to Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pathname.com/fhs/announce-2.0.html |title=FHS 2.0 Announcement |publisher=Pathname.com |access-date=2012-10-16}}</ref><ref name="Saborio">{{citation |url=http://www.informatica.co.cr/linux/research/1997/1117.htm |title=FHS 2.0 Announcement |first=Daniel |last=Quinlan |work=BSD, Linux, Unix and The Internet – Research by Kenneth R. Saborio |date=14 March 2012 |orig-year=1997 |publisher=Kenneth R. Saborio |location=San Jose, Costa Rica |access-date=18 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305100804/http://www.informatica.co.cr/linux/research/1997/1117.htm |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/fsstnd/ |title=Index of /pub/Linux/docs/fsstnd/ |publisher=Ibiblio.org |access-date=2012-10-16}}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.1}}
| 2000-04-12
| FHS<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pathname.com/fhs/announce-2.1.html |title=FHS 2.1 Announcement |publisher=Pathname.com |access-date=2012-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://lists.debian.org/lsb-spec/2000/04/msg00005.html |title=FHS 2.1 is released |publisher=Lists.debian.org |date=2000-04-13 |access-date=2012-10-16}}</ref><ref name="jdiamond">{{cite web |url=http://cs.acadiau.ca/~jdiamond/Acadia-Linux-template-tutorial/resources/fhs-2.1.pdf |title=Filesystem Hierarchy Standard – Version 2.1, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Group |first=Daniel |last=Quinlan |work=Acadia Linux Tutorials |publisher=Jodrey School of Computer Science, [[Acadia University]] |location=Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada |date=12 April 2000 |access-date=18 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327075156/http://cs.acadiau.ca/~jdiamond/Acadia-Linux-template-tutorial/resources/fhs-2.1.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.2}}
| 2001-05-23
| FHS<ref name="fhs-2.2">{{cite web |url=http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.2.pdf |title=Filesystem Hierarchy Standard – Version 2.2 final Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Group |editor1-first=Rusty |editor1-last=Russell |editor1-link=Rusty Russell |editor2-first=Daniel |editor2-last=Quinlan |work=Filesystem Hierarchy Standard |date=23 May 2001 |access-date=18 February 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.3}}
| 2004-01-29
| FHS<ref name="fhs-2.3">{{cite web |url=https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_2.3/fhs-2.3.pdf |title=Filesystem Hierarchy Standard - Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Group |editor1-first=Rusty |editor1-last=Russell |editor1-link=Rusty Russell |editor2-first=Daniel |editor2-last=Quinlan |editor3-first=Christopher |editor3-last=Yeoh |date=28 January 2004 |access-date=2014-11-29}}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|c|3.0}}
| 2015-05-18
| FHS<ref>{{cite web |url=https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs-3.0.pdf |title=Filesystem Hierarchy Standard |editor1-first=Christopher |editor1-last=Yeoh |editor2-first=Rusty |editor2-last=Russell |editor3-first=Daniel |editor3-last=Quinlan |publisher=[[The Linux Foundation]] |date=19 March 2015  |access-date=2015-05-20}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="3" | <small>{{Version |l |show=110100}}</small>
|}