Editing Ford Kent engine (section)

==Crossflow==
[[File:Anadol FW11 Kent 1.6 engine.jpg|thumb|A 1.3 litre Kent Crossflow (711M block) in an [[Anadol]] FW11 prototype]]
A 1967 redesign gave it a cross-flow type cylinder head, hence the Kent's alternative name '''Ford Crossflow'''. It went on to power the smaller-engined versions of the [[Ford Cortina]] and [[Ford Capri]], the first and second editions of the [[Ford Escort (Europe)|European Escort]] as well as the North American [[Ford Pinto]] (1971, 1972 and 1973 only). In South Africa it also powered the 1.6&nbsp;L Mk II, Mk III, Mk IV, & Mk V [[Ford Cortina]] and 1.6&nbsp;L [[Ford Sierra]].

The Crossflow featured a change in [[combustion chamber]] design, using a [[Heron cylinder head|Heron type combustion chamber]] in the top of the piston rather than in the head. The head itself was flat with each engine capacity ({{cvt|1098|and|1298|cc|L|1|order=flip}}) featuring different pistons with different sized bowls in 681F and 711M blocks. The {{cvt|1599|cc|L|1|order=flip}} 691M block had the stronger 'square' bearing caps later used in the 711M, and small combustion chambers in the near-flat head (the bulk of the volume being in the piston bowl). In 1970, the new A711 block for {{cvt|1298|cc|L|1|order=flip}} and A711M block for {{cvt|1599|cc|L|1|order=flip}} were introduced with thicker block wall, square main bearing caps, large diameter cam followers and wider cam lobes, with the latter block having a 7/16" taller deck height, together with a return to the flat head. These changes represented a significant improvement in the reliability of the engines, and the blocks are commonly referred to as '711M' blocks.

The Ford Crossflow engine ({{cvt|1298|and|1599|cc|L|1|order=flip}}) also powered the Reliant [[Anadol]] (1968–1984). Other makes such as [[Morgan Motor Company|Morgan]] used the Crossflow on [[Morgan 4/4#4/4 Series II|Morgan 4/4]], [[Caterham Cars|Caterham]] on [[Caterham 7]], and [[TVR]] used the engine in the [[TVR Grantura|Grantura]], [[TVR Vixen|Vixen]], and [[TVR M Series|1600M]]. It has been fitted in countless other applications as well, being a favourite of kit-car builders not only in Great Britain.

Destined for the American market, beginning with the 1977 model year, the Valencia plant began manufacturing a 1.6L, {{cvt|63|bhp|0}}, five-main bearing version that included a low emission bowl-in-pistons combustion chamber design based on the Crossflow head, and was equipped with a Dura-Spark [[electronic ignition]]. This version was used in the short-lived (1977–1980) USA-market [[Ford Fiesta (first generation)|Mk1 Fiesta]]. Fitting the Crossflow into the Mk1 Fiesta posed a challenge for engineers, since the car had been designed around the shorter Valencia version (below), therefore the engine had to be mounted lower down in the chassis with shorter driveshafts in order to allow the transaxle to be removed from the car for clutch replacement. This engine was later used in the XR2 version of the Mk.1 Fiesta, using the US 1600 bottom end and GT spec head and cam but without the catalytic converter or emission control equipment. 1.3L versions of the Mk I Fiesta also used the Crossflow, as opposed to the [[#Valencia|Valencia]].

The Crossflow was superseded in Ford of Europe vehicles in stages - the larger capacity 1.6L was supplanted by the overhead camshaft [[Ford Pinto engine|Pinto]] (Lynx) unit in the [[Ford Cortina]] and [[Ford Capri]] by the late 1970s, and all versions ceased to be used in the [[Ford Escort (Europe)|Escort]] when it was replaced by the [[Ford CVH engine|CVH]] engine as the Escort moved to its third generation in 1980. The final "official" use of the Crossflow was in the aforementioned 1.3L and XR2 versions of the Fiesta I which ceased production in 1983, when these were again replaced by the CVH, leaving only the Valencia variants (below) in the Fiesta I/II and entry versions of the Escort III.