Editing Foreign object damage (section)

==Examples==

===Vehicle tire track-in===
Debris is often trapped in the treads of tires from vehicles coming onto an airfield. Types of debris trapped in a vehicle tire can include rocks, mud, stones, loose hardware (screws, washers, bolts, etc.) and many other forms of small materials. These can be crew and fuel trucks, maintenance vehicles and many others that inadvertently bring debris to a [[flight line]] and deposit it there. These types of FOD are very difficult to track and manage once they are introduced onto the airfield. A jet engine intake, engine blast, and [[propeller]] or [[helicopter rotor]] draft then can pick up the debris easily. This material, once loose around operational aircraft, can lead to serious safety concerns, including personnel injury and equipment and property damage.

===Runway debris===
The crash of a [[Concorde]], [[Air France Flight 4590]], at [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]] near [[Paris]] on 25 July 2000 was caused by FOD; in this case a piece of [[titanium]] debris on the runway which had been part of a [[Thrust reversal|thrust reverser]] that had fallen from a [[Continental Airlines]] [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]] during takeoff about four minutes earlier. The debris strike caused a tire to explode. Rubber debris from the tire struck the wing, rupturing a fuel tank and starting a severe fire leading to loss of control. All 100 passengers and nine crew on board the flight, as well as four people on the ground, were killed.<ref>{{cite web |title=‘No time’: Chiling final words of Concorde pilot |date=2023-04-21 |website=[[News.com.au]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422215545/https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/chilling-final-words-of-concorde-pilot/news-story/fe6f97d3f49936d5229b547ef677aaf5 |archive-date=2023-04-22 |url-status=live |url=https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/chilling-final-words-of-concorde-pilot/news-story/fe6f97d3f49936d5229b547ef677aaf5}}</ref>

A [[Learjet|Gates Learjet 36A]], registration number N527PA, was taking off from [[Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport]] in [[Virginia]] on March 26, 2007, when the crew heard a loud "pop". Aborting the takeoff, the crew tried to control the "fishtailing" and activate the [[drogue parachute]]. The parachute did not work and the Learjet ran off the runway, its tires blown. Airport personnel reported seeing rocks and pieces of metal on the [[runway]] after the accident. The [[National Transportation Safety Board]] said that the accident was caused by FOD on the runway. Failure of the drogue parachute contributed to the accident.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://app.ntsb.gov/pdfgenerator/ReportGeneratorFile.ashx?EventID=20070417X00429&AKey=1&RType=Final&IType=LA,|title=NTSB Final Report, Accident No. NYC07LA087}}</ref>

===Volcanic ash===
On 24 June 1982, [[British Airways Flight 9]] en route to [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], [[Australia]], flew into a volcanic ash cloud over the Indian Ocean. The [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-200B]] suffered engine surges in all four engines until they all [[flameout|failed]]. The passengers and crew could see a phenomenon known as [[St. Elmo's fire]] around the plane. Flight 9 dived down until it exited the cloud allowing the airborne ash to clear the engines, which were then restarted. The cockpit windshield was badly pitted by the ash particles but the aircraft landed safely.

On 15 December 1989, [[KLM Flight 867]], en route to [[Narita International Airport]], [[Tokyo]] flew through a thick cloud of volcanic ash from Mount Redoubt, which had erupted the day before. The [[Boeing 747-400]]'s four engines flamed out. After descending more than 14,000 feet, the crew restarted the engines and landed safely at [[Anchorage International Airport]].

Although unrelated to volcanic ash, in 1991, an MD-81 operated by SAS, [[Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 751|force landed in a forest]] after ice was reportedly ingested into both engines. All 129 people survived, the aircraft was written off.

===Item jettisoned from aircraft===
An unusual case of FOD occurred on 28 September 1981 over [[Chesapeake Bay]]. During flight testing of an [[F/A-18 Hornet]], the [[Naval Air Test Center]] of the [[United States Navy]] was using a [[A-4 Skyhawk|Douglas TA-4J Skyhawk]] as a [[chase plane]] to film a jettison test of a bomb rack from the Hornet. The bomb rack struck the right wing of the Skyhawk, shearing off almost half the wing. The Skyhawk caught fire within seconds of being struck; the two persons on board [[ejection seat|ejected]].<ref>[http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/project/YEAR_Pages/1981.htm List of ejections from aircraft in 1981.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421194436/http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/project/YEAR_Pages/1981.htm |date=2017-04-21 }} Retrieved: 30 August 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.aviationbanter.com/showthread.php?t=19110 Page with link to WMV clip of destruction of TA-4J BuNo. 156896.] Retrieved 30 August 2008.</ref>

===Bird strikes===
{{main|Bird strike}}
On 20 November 1975 a [[British Aerospace BAe 125|Hawker Siddeley HS.125]] taking off at [[Dunsfold Aerodrome]] flew through a flock of [[northern lapwing]]s immediately after lifting off the runway and lost power in both engines. The crew landed the aircraft back on the runway but it overran the end and crossed a road. The aircraft struck a car on the road, killing its six occupants. Although the aircraft was destroyed in the ensuing fire, the nine occupants of the aircraft survived the crash.<ref>[http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/1-1977%20G-BCUX.pdf AAIB Official Report of the investigation into the crash of HS.125-600B registration G-BCUX] retrieved 2010-05-19.</ref>

On 17 November 1980 a [[Hawker Siddeley Nimrod]] of the [[Royal Air Force]] crashed shortly after taking off from [[RAF Kinloss]]. It flew through a flock of [[Canada goose|Canada geese]], causing three of its four engines to fail. The pilot and copilot were killed; the pilot was subsequently [[Posthumous recognition|posthumously]] awarded an [[Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)|Air Force Cross]] for his actions in maintaining control of the aircraft and saving the lives of the 18 crew. The remains of 77 birds were found on or near the runway.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19801117-1 Aviation Safety Network XV256 accident page] retrieved 2008-01-23.</ref><ref>"RAAF Exchange Pilot Valour Cited in RAF Accident Report", "Newsdesk - Military", ''Australian Aviation'' magazine No. 16, September 1982, p45. Aerospace Publications Pty. Ltd., Manly NSW</ref>

On January 15, 2009, [[US Airways Flight 1549]] flew into a flock of Canada geese shortly after takeoff and suffered a double engine failure. The pilot [[water landing|ditch]]ed the aircraft in the Hudson River, saving the lives of all on board.