Editing Formica exsecta (section)

===Inbreeding===
In monogynous colonies, a significant amount of inbreeding is found. Inbreeding coefficients were found positive for the workers of these colonies. No inbreeding was found between mother queens.  Procreation between related individuals of the colony can be further explained by the queen-male relatedness coefficient of 0.23, found by experiments from [[Liselotte Sundström]].<ref name=Sundstrom /> Male offspring that were reared in an inbred colony tended to be smaller in mass. Gynes reared in inbred colony display no difference in mass compared to those in noninbred colonies. This result reflects a trade-off between the quantity of offspring and their reproductive potential. Gynes' reproductive success is more dependent on their mass than that of a male.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Vitikainen|first=Emma|author2=Haag-Liautard, Cathy|author3=Sundström, Liselotte|journal=Evolution|date=1 July 2011|volume=65|issue=7|pages=2026–2037|doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01273.x|pmid=21729057|title=Inbreeding and reproductive investment in the ant ''Formica exsecta''|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/24833/files/haa_iri.pdf|doi-access=free|access-date=13 December 2019|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121214757/http://doc.rero.ch/record/24833/files/haa_iri.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>