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Fort Hamilton
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===Endicott program=== The 1885 [[Board of Fortifications]], chaired by [[Secretary of War]] [[William Crowninshield Endicott|William C. Endicott]] and also called the Endicott Board, recommended sweeping improvements to US coast defenses, with a new generation of modern breech-loading rifled guns and numerous new gun batteries. Most of the Board's recommendations were adopted as the Endicott program, and that included major changes and improvements for Fort Hamilton. More than half of the old fort was demolished to make room for new concrete gun batteries. Fort Hamilton became part of the Artillery District of New York, renamed in 1913 as the [[Coast Defenses of Southern New York]]. The following table shows the gun batteries completed at Fort Hamilton from 1898 to 1905. In most cases references do not indicate the precise model of gun or carriage at a particular battery, or the batteries' namesakes:<ref name=FWiki1/><ref name=Berhow209>Berhow, p. 209</ref> [[File:Fort Hamilton Bain LOC 01939.jpg|thumb|right|In June 1908, the 10th Company of the 13th Artillery District, NYNG (later the [[245th Coast Artillery (United States)|245th Coast Artillery]]) loads a 10-inch gun at Fort Hamilton<ref>[http://cdsg.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/FORTS/CACunits/CAregNG.pdf National Guard Coast Artillery regimental histories at the Coast Defense Study Group]</ref>]] [[File:The people's war book; history, cyclopaedia and chronology of the great world war (1919) (14595327968).jpg|thumb|right|12-inch disappearing gun at Fort Hamilton with [[Fort Lafayette]] in the background]] {| class="wikitable" !Name !No. of guns !Gun type !Carriage type !Years active |- |Piper||8||[[12-inch coast defense mortar|12-inch mortar]]||[[barbette]]||1901β1942 |- |[[Harvey Brown (officer)|Harvey Brown]]||2||[[12-inch gun M1895|12-inch gun]]||[[disappearing gun|disappearing]]||1902β? |- |[[Abner Doubleday|Doubleday]]||2||12-inch gun||disappearing||1900β1943 |- |Neary||2||[[12-inch gun M1888]]||barbette M1892||1900β1937 |- |[[Quincy Adams Gillmore|Gillmore]]||4||[[10-inch gun M1895|10-inch gun]]||disappearing||1899β1942 |- |Spear||3||10-inch gun||disappearing||1898β1917 |- |Burke||4||[[6-inch gun M1900]]||pedestal M1900||1903β1917 |- |Livingston||2||[[6-inch gun M1905]]||disappearing M1903||1905β1920? |- |Livingston||2||6-inch gun M1900||pedestal M1900||1905β1948 |- |Johnston||2||6-inch gun M1900||pedestal M1900||1902β1943 |- |[[John Mendenhall (colonel)|Mendenhall]]||4||6-inch gun||disappearing||1905β1917 |- |Griffin||2||[[QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk IβIV|4.72-inch/45 caliber Armstrong gun]]||pedestal||1899β1913 |- |Griffin||2||[[3-inch gun M1898]]||[[masking parapet]] M1898||1902β1920 |- |Griffin||2||[[3-inch gun M1903]]||pedestal M1903||1903β1946 |- |} Several batteries (Burke, Johnston, Brown, and Griffin) were directly in front of the remains of the old fort, with Battery Griffin in front of and below the others. The other batteries extended in a line southeast of the old fort, with Battery Piper, the mortar battery, well to the rear of the line. Battery Griffin seems to have been designed as a mixed battery of two each M1898 and M1903 3-inch guns. The 4.72-inch guns of this battery were hastily added after the outbreak of the SpanishβAmerican War in 1898; they were British guns purchased because most of the Endicott program was still years from completion.<ref name=ComRep1>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RUtZAAAAIAAJ&dq=submarine+mine+kennebec&pg=PA3780 Congressional serial set, 1900, ''Report of the Commission on the Conduct of the War with Spain'', Vol. 7, pp. 3778β3780, Washington: Government Printing Office]</ref> The 4.72-inch/45 caliber guns were transferred to [[Fort Kamehameha]], Hawaii in 1913 to concentrate this type of weapon in one area. Battery Livingston was also an unusual combination of two disappearing 6-inch guns and two guns on pedestal mounts. Batteries Gillmore and Spear were originally a 7-gun battery under the former name, but were split up in 1903, probably for improved [[Coast Artillery fire control system|fire control]].<ref name=FWiki1/><ref name=Berhow209/>
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